OLD  PLYMOUTH 

A  GUIDE 

TO  ITS  LOCALITIES  ANT)  OBJECTS 
OF  INTEREST. 


AVERY  &  DOTEN,  Publishers, 


PLYMOUTH,  MASS. 

OLD  COLONY   MEMORIAL   PRESS. 

1884. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  MASSACHUSETTS 
AT  AMHERST 


UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 

Special  Collections  &  Rare  Books 


§LD#lLYMOUTH  : 

A  GUIDE 

TO  ITS  LOCALITIES  AND  OBJECTS 
OF  INTEREST. 


AVERY  &  DOTEN,  Publishers, 


PLYMOUTH,  MASS., 

OLD     COLONY     MEMORIAL     PRESS. 

1884. 


[Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in  the  year 

1878,  by  Avery  &  Doten,  in  the  oihce  of  the 

Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington.] 


PREFACE  TO  THIRD  EDITION. 


I H  E   rapid    sales    of    the  first  and   second 
'&z),$  editions  of   the    Guide,  evidence  that   the 


» 


i$&  book  meets  the  wants  of  visitors  to  these 
Pilgrim  scenes,  while  the  lapse  of  time 
with  its  changes,  calls  for  the  present  revised 
issue.  There  is  no  intention  of  giving  in  these 
pages  an  extended  history,  but  rather  to  direct 
attention  to  the  localities  of  interest  generally 
sought,  and  to  detail  such  description  as  will 
enable  the  visitor  to  associate  with  them  the 
deeds  and  character  of  the  Forefathers. 

If  the  Guide  proves  an  intelligent  and  agree- 
able companion  in  a  stroll  through  the  Town, 
one  of  the  principal  objects  of  its  publication 
will  be  accomplished. 

THE  PUBLISHERS. 

Plymouth,  January,   1884. 


Plymouth 
bay 

Scale  Si Miles 
per  Inch 


OLD  PLYMOUTH: 

ITS  LOCALITIES  AND   OBJECTS  OF 
INTEREST. 


SEASIDE. 

"  The  Pilgrim  Fathers— where  are  they? 
The  waves  that  brought  them  o'er 
Still  roll  in  the  bay,  and  throw  their  spray, 
As  they  break  along  the  shore." 

*HE  introduction  of  visitors  to  Plymouth,  as 
§Hci  they  come  by  rail,  is  at  Seaside,  a  station 
»£4£a  in  the  extreme  north  part  of  the  town. 
V  The  dividing  line  between  Kingston  and 
Plymouth  runs  through  the  middle  of  the  little 
station,  and  the  northerly  part,  which  is  the 
residence  of  the  station  keeper,  is  in  Kingston, 
and  the  southerly  part,  the  station  proper,  is  in 
Plymouth. 


OLD  PLYMOUTH. 


As  the  cars  move  past  the  thicket  of  trees  and 
shrubs  to  stop,  the  occupants  come  in  full  view 
of  the  beautiful  panorama  of  Plymouth  Harbor, 
spread  out  before  their  eyes.  At  the  near  left, 
across  the  Bay,  is  seen  Captain's  Hill,  so-called 
from  its  being  the  home  of  Capt.  Myles  Standish, 
and  on  its  crest  is  an  unfinished  monument  in 
honor  of  the  Pilgrim  warrior.  Farther  along  is 
seen  Rouse's  Hummock,  the  American  terminus 
of  the  French  Atlantic  Cable.  The  next  promi- 
nent object  is  Clark's  Island,  where  the  Pilgrims 
spent  their  first  Sabbath  in  Plymouth.  Next  to 
this  is  the  headland  of  Saquish,  and  beyond  is 
the  Gurnet  with  its  twin  lighthouses.  Opposite 
these,  the  bold  bluff  of  Manomet  thrusts  itself 
out  into  the  bay,  while  nearer  inland  the  long. 
thin  ribbon  of  Plymouth  Beach  runs  across  the 
harbor,  like  an  artificial  breakwater,  to  arrest 
the  waves  of  the  ocean. 

Few  scenes  can  surpass  this  in  loveliness,  if 
the  visitor  is  fortunate  enough  to  arrive  when 
the  tide  is  in.  Although  by  the  configuration  of 
the  land,  Plymouth  Harbor  seems  to  have  been 
designed  for  a  perfect  haven  against  every  wind 
that  blows,  unfortunately  it  is  dependent  upon  a 
full  sea  for  depth  enough  of  water  to  float  vessels 
of  much  draught  at  the  wharves.  In  1876  the 
United  States  Government  dug  a  channel  from 
the  wharves  to  Broad  Channel,  where   there   is 


I 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


always  a  good  depth  of  water,  so  that  now  ves- 
sels drawing  six  feet  can  come  to  the  wharves  at 
low  tide,  and  at  high  tide  those  drawing  twelve 
or  fourteen  feet.  Further  improvements  were 
made  by  the  government  in  1880  and  1881  in 
this  channel,  and  at  the  wharves. 

As  the  train  moves  from  Seaside  station,  on 
our  right  is  seen  a  long,  low  building.  This  is 
the  ■•laying  ground"  of  the  Plymouth  Cordage 
Company,  so  called  because  here  the  ropes  and 
cables  manufactured  are  -'laid"  or  twisted  up 
from  the  smaller  strands  of  which  they  are  com- 
posed. These  works  were  established  in  1824, 
and  are  the  Largest  and  most  complete  of  the 
kind  in  the  country,  if  not  in  the  world.  Beyond 
the  laying  ground  are  the  brick  factories  and 
storehouses,  one  of  the  latter  being  a  United 
States  bonded  warehouse,  where  the  foreign  hemp 
used  in  the  works  is  kept.  Here  are  made  ropes 
of  all  sizes  and  lengths,  from  lines  smaller  than 
a  lead  pencil,  to  immense  cables  tit  to  hold  the 
largest  ships  in  the  severest  gales.  A  curiosity 
can  be  seen  here  in  the  shape  of  a  locomotive 
engine  running  without  fire,  steam  or  smoke,  the 
propelling  power  being  condensed  air.  Tracks 
are  laid  connecting  the  factories,  storehouses,  and 
laying  ground,  the  track  running  into  the  latter, 
and  along  nearly  its  whole  length. 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


THE  STATUE. 

"  O  welcome  pure  ey'd  Faith,  white  handed  Hope, 
Thou  hovering  angel,  girt  with  golden  wings." 

Soou  after  leaving  the  works  of  the  Cordage 
Company,  there  is  seen  on  the  right  hand  side  of 
the  railroad,  clearly  cut  against  the  sky,  a  noble 
and  majestic  figure  with  up-pointing  hand  and 
finger.  This  is  the  Statue  of  Faith  on  the  Na- 
tional Monument  to  the  Pilgrims,  which  we  shall 
visit  in  due  time.  The  figure,  seen  in  bold  relief 
on  the  approach  to  the  town,  is  very  beautiful. 


THE   TOWN. 

"  Ay,  call  it  holy  ground,— 

The  soil  where  first  they  trod: 

They  left  unstained  what  here  they  found, 

Freedom  to  worship  God." 

As  we  approach  the  end  of  the  journey  and 
|  near  the  last   station,  we   see   on   the   right  the 

brick  buildings  of  the  Plymouth  Woolen  Mills. 
\  erected  in  1863,  and  sold  in  1879  to  parties  from 

Franklin  Falls,  N.  H.,  who  greatly  eriiarged  the 
\  mills   and    have    since   carried    on    an    extensive 

business  in  the  manufacture   of   standard  woolen 

cloths.     The  business  of  this  mill   is   one  of  the 

principal  industries  of  the  town. 


OLD    PLYMOUTH.  IK' 

Emerging  from  the  station,  we  take  our  way 
through  the  little  park  of  the  railroad  company. 
On  our  right  is  a  large  wooden  building,  four 
stories  in  hight,  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long, 
and  thirty-five  feet  wide,  with  an  L  of  nearly 
equal  proportions.  This  is  the  boot  and  shoe 
factory  of  F.  F.  Emery.  The  land  was  given  by 
the  railroad  corporation,  and  the  building  erected 
by  a  subscription  of  citizens  of  the  town  in  1873, 
and  made  a  free  gift  to  the  firm  of  F.  Jones  & 
Co..  who  established  the  business  here.  At  the 
end  of  the  park  we  come  to  Court  Street,  the 
county  road  from  Kingston.  Opposite,  in  its 
nice  grounds,  is  the  Samoset  House.  This  hotel 
was  built  by  the  Old  Colony  Railroad  Corpora- 
tion, at  the  completion  of  the  road  in  1845.  It 
was  afterward  bought  by  an  Association,  com- 
posed mostly  of  citizens  of  the  town,  and  in 
1883  passed  into  the  proprietorship  of  Mr.  D.  H. 
May.nard.  It  has  always  borne  an  excellent 
reputation  as  a  hotel,  and  in  all  its  appointments 
is  now  one  of  the  finest  in  the  county. 

Turning  to  our  left  as  we  gain  the  street,  we 
walk  towards  the  village.  On  our  right  we  pass 
St.  Peter's  Church  (Roman  Catholic),  erected  in 
1873.  In  the  rear  is  a  building  for  the  residence 
of  the  priest.  His  parish  includes  Plymouth  and 
Kingston. 


10 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


PILGRIM   HALL. 

"The  memory  of  the  just  is  blessed." 

We  come  now  at  our  left  to  a  building  with  a 
Doric    portico,   standing    a   little   way   from    the 
street.     This  is  Pilgrim  Hall,  erected  in  1824  by 
the  Pilgrim  Society,  as  a  monumental  hall  to  the 
memory  of  the  Pilgrims.     In  1880   it  was  rebuilt 
in  a  fire-proof  manner,  at  a  cost  of  over  $15,000, 
|  by  Joseph  Henry  Stickney,  Esq.,  a  wealthy  Balti- 
more  merchant   of   Boston    nativity,  who   on    a 
i  casual  visit  to  Plymouth,  became   so  impressed 
with  the  importance  of  preserving  with  the  great- 
;  est  care  the  interesting  relics  of  the  Pilgrims  there 
i  deposited,  that  he  most  liberally  made  this  large  : 
j  expenditure  to  secure   these   precious  memorials  | 
i  from  loss  by  fire.     At  the  same  time  he  provided 
for   better   classification    and    exhibition   of   the 
articles,    those   immediately   connected   with  the 
Pilgrims  being  disposed,  mostly  in  glass  cases,  in 
the  main  hall,  while   an   interesting  museum   of 
antique  curiosities  is  arranged  in  the  room  below. 
Exteriorly,   marked  improvement  was  made   by 
raising  the  Doric  porch  to  the  hight  of  the  main 
building ;  ornamenting  the  pediment  with  a  finely 
executed  allegorical  "Landing,"  in    demi-relief, 
and  repainting  and   sanding  the  whole  front  in 
imitation  of  stone.     Quite  a  change  was  made  in 
11 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


the  front  area  by  the  removal  of  the  portion  of 
Plymouth  Rock,  which  for  forty-six  years  had 
been  a  prominent  object  here,  back  to  the  Land- 
ing- place.  The  iron  fence,  formerly  surrounding 
the  Rock,  now  stands  at  the  northerly  side  of  the 
building,  enclosing  an  appropriate  slab  bearing 
as  an  inscription  the  wording  of  the  memorable 
"Compact"  made  in  the  cabin  of  the  Mayflower, 
and  the  names  of  the  forty-one  signers  of  this 
Compact  appear  on  the  heraldic  curtains  of  the 
fence.  The  hall  is  kept  open  daily,  with  the 
exception  of  Sundays,  at  regular  hours  for  the 
accommodation  of  visitors,  a  fee  of  twenty-five 
cents  being  charged  to  compensate  the  services 
of  a  custodian.  In  the  vestibule  of  the  building 
a  handsome  tablet  of  Tennessee  marble  bears  the 
following  inscription  : 

PILGRIM  HALL. 
BUILT   A.    D.,    1824, 

BY    THE 

PILGRIM    SOCIETY, 
IN  MEMORY  OF  THE  FOREFATHERS. 

REBUILT  A.  D.,  1880, 

BY 

JOS.  HENRY  STICKNEY, 
OF  BALTIMORE,  Md. 

At  the  right  is  the  curator's  neatly  furnished 
ante-room,  where  visitors  record  their  names  and 
find  entrance  to  the  main  hall.  In  this  ante-room 
b  13 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


is  an  excellent  picture  of  the  "Landing"  executed 
in  distemper,   presented   by  Robert  G.   Shaw,  of 
Boston.     Here,  also,  is  a  clock  once    owned   by 
Gov.  Hancock,   and   still    keeping  correct   time, 
although  over  one  hundred  and   eighty  years  old. 
On  the  wall  hangs  a  commission  from  Oliver 
Cromwell,  Lord  Protector  of  England,  to  Gov- 
ernor Edward  Winslow  as  one  of  the  arbitrators 
between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  Provinces 
of  Holland.     It  is  written  on  parchment,  and  is 
particularly  valuable    from   having  a  contempo- 
raneous  portrait   of    Cromwell,  which    is  in   the 
upper  left  hand  comer.     The  original   signature 
was  torn  off  by  some  unscrupulous   visitor,  but 
has  been  supplied  by  a  finely  executed  foe  simile. 
The  main  hall  is  forty-six  by  thirty-nine   feet, 
with  walls  twenty-two   feet  high,  and   is   lighted 
entirely  from  the  roof.     A  good   back-ground   is 
made  for  the  pictures   by  plain  maroon   coloring 
of   the  walls,  with   a   handsome   Grecian   border 
above,  while    neat  frescoing   covers   the   ceiling. 
At  the  east  end  is  the  large  picture  of  the  Land- 
ing, thirteen  by  sixteen  feet,  painted   by  Henry 
Sargent,  of  Boston,  an  amateur  artist,  and    pre- 
sented by  him  to  the  Society  in   1834.     Its   esti- 
mated value  was  $3,000,  and  the   massive   frame 
cost  about  $400.     At  the  left  is  a  portrait  of  the 
venerable  Dr.  James  Thacher,  the  first  Secretary 
of  the  Pilgrim  Society.     He    was   the  author  of 


14 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Thacher's  Military  Journal  and  a  History  of 
Plymouth,  which  has  been  considered  one  of  the 
best  ever  published.  The  picture  upon  the  right 
is  a  line  painting,  and  a  most  excellent  likeness 
of  the  gentleman  who  so  disinterestedly  and  gen- 
erously remodelled  and  beautified  Pilgrim  Hall, 
Joseph  Henry  Stickney,  Esq.,  of  Baltimore. 
The  portrait  was  painted  by  D.  G.  Pope,  a 
Baltimore  artist,  and  in  subject  and  execution  is 
worthy  of  its  place  in  this  Pilgrim  temple. 

In  the  middle  of  the  south  wall  is  hung  the 
large  copy  of  AVier's  Embarkation  from  Delft 
Haven,  from  the  original  in  the  rotunda  of  the 
capitol  at  Washington,  done  for  the  Society  by 
Edgar  Parker,  and  on  either  side  are  portraits  of 
Rev.  John  Alden,  great  grandson  of  John  Alden 
of  the  Mayflower  ;  Dr.  James  Kendall,  for  fifty- 
two  years  minister  of  the  First  Church ;  Hon. 
John  Davis  and  Col.  John  Trumbull. 

In  the  centre  of  the  north  side  hangs  the  noble 
gift  of  ex-Gov.  Alexander  H.  Rice,  of  Massa- 
chusetts,— Charles  Lucy's  large  painting  of  the 
Embarkation.  This  picture  is  of  great  value, 
and  at  a  prize  exhibition  in  England  took  the  first 
premium  of  a  thousand  guineas.  It  is  altogether 
different  in  color  and  tone  from  either  of  the 
others,  and  will  bear  close  study.  Original  por- 
traits of  the  Winslow  family,  —  Gov.  Edward 
Winslow,  Gen.  John  Winslow,  Gov.  Josiah  Wins- 


15 


OLD    PLYMOUTH, 


low  and  his  wife  Penelope,  are  hung  on  either 
side  of  the  Embarkation.  Josiah  Winslow  was 
the  first  native  born  Governor  of  the  colony. 
His  grandson,  Gen.  John  Winslow,  was  a  Major 
General  of  the  British  army,  and  held  several 
important  commands.  He  was  the  officer  who, 
under  orders  from  England,  removed  from  their 
homes  the  French  Acadians,  whose  sorrows  Long- 
fellow has  made  classic.  The  portrait  of  Gov. 
Edward  Winslow  is  the  o^.ly  one  in  existence,  so 
far  as  known,  of  any  person  who  came  in  the 
Mayflower. 

Upon  the  westerly  wall  are  a  number  of  por- 
traits, including  those  of  Hon.  Joshua  Thomas, 
the  first  President  of  the  Society,  and  of  Dea. 
Ephraim  Spooner.  The  latter  was  a  prominent 
citizen  of  the  town  ;  chairman  of  the  selectmen 
through  the  Revolutionary  War,  in  which  capacity 
he  rendered  the  country  efficient  service,  and  for 
fifty-one  years  was  town  clerk.  There  are  large 
portraits  of  Gen.  Joseph  Trumbull,  first  Speaker 
of  the -House  of  Representatives  at  Washington, 
and  of  Hon.  Daniel  Webster,  the  famous  Massa- 
chusetts statesman,  whose  home  was  in  Marshfield, 
near  Plymouth.  Besides  these  are  a  fine  portrait 
of  Washington,  and  a  copy,  from  an  original  por- 
trait, of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  painted  in  1775  by 
E.  Alcock,  London,  and  formerly  the  property 
of  President  Jefferson.     Portraits  of  the  Winslow 


16 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


family,  including  John  and  Isaac,  and  that  of 
Elizabeth  Wensley,  are  also  on  this  wall.  The 
most  prominent  among  the  pictures  which  occupy 
this  end,  however,  are  the  original  crayon  sketch 
made  in  1817  by  Edwin  White,  for  his  large  pic- 
ture of  "The  Signing  of  the  Compact,"  in  the 
Trumbull  gallery  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  and 
W.  F.  Halsall's  very  valuable  and  finely  executed 
painting  of  the  Mayflower  at  anchor  in  the  har- 
bor of  Plymouth,  in  the  winter  of  1620.  These 
two  pictures  are  well  worthy  the  attention  they 
receive.  With  these  also  are  engravings  of  scenes 
in  Pilgrim  history,  some  of  much  merit. 

Across  the  head  of  the  hall,  under  the  Sargent 
picture,  is  a  raised  platform  and  railing,  and  here 
are  shown  the  large  articles  connected  with  Pil- 
grim history,  as  the  model  of  the  Mayflower,  the 
chairs  of  Elder  Brewster  and  Gov.  Carver,  the 
Peregrine  White  cradle,  etc.  A  case  at  the  oppo- 
site end  of  the  hall  contains  a  collection  of  arti- 
cles belonging  to  the  First  Church,  among  which 
is  the  book  given  Gov.  Bradford  by  Pastor  John 
Robinson,  brought  over  in  the  Mayflower  by 
Bradford,  and  afterwards  given  by  him  to  the 
church  ;  a  book  printed  by  Elder  Brewster ;  the 
note  book  of  Elder  Faunce  ;  a  number  of  inter- 
esting autographs,  and  a  collection  of  vessels 
used  in  the  Sacrament,  presented  to  the  church 

17 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Model  of  the  Mayflower. 

many  years  ago,  but  now  superceded  by  those  of 
more  modern  style. 

The  Allien  case  stands  on  the  south  side  of  the 
hall,  near  the  Sargent  picture,  -and  contains  John 
Alden's  bible,  printed  in  1620  ;  a  halberd  he  once 
owned  and  probably  brought  with  him  in  the 
Mayflower  :  also  ancient  documents  with  his  sig- 
nature. Next  to  this  is  the  Standish  case,  in 
which  is  the  famous  Damascus  sword  of  the 
redoubtable  Pilgrim  captain.  Gen.  Grant,  on 
his  visit  to  Plymouth,  Oct.  14th,  18<s<>.  was  much 
interested  in  this  ancient  weapon,  and  handled  it 
with  evident  satisfaction.     The  Arabic   inscrip- 

18 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Governor  Carver's  Chair. 

tions  on  the  blade  have  always  been  a  puzzle, 
and  notwithstanding  many  attempts,  remained 
undecipherable  until  the  visit  to  the  town,  June 
7th,  1881 ,  of  Prof.  James  Rosedale,  of  Jerusalem, 
with  a  troupe  of  Arabs  from  Palestine.  Mr.  Rose- 
dale,  being  an  excellent  linguist,  was  shown  the 
sword,  and  pronounced  the  inscriptions  to  be  of 
different  dates,  one  of  them  in   Cufic,  very  old, 


19 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Elder  Brewster's  Chair. 

and  the  other  in  Mediaeval  Arabic  of  a  later 
period,  but  still  very  ancient.  To  the  last  he 
readily  gave  the  following  translation  : 

"With  peace  God  ruled  Ms  slaves,  (creatures,) 
and  with  the  judgment  of  His  arm  He  troubled 
the  mighty  of  the  wicked." 


20 


■w 


1 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 

He  had  no  doubt  that  the  weapon  dated  back 
two  or  three  centuries  before  the  Christian  era, 
and  might  be  much  older.  It  is  probable  that 
this  famous  blade  came  down  to  Capt.  Standish 
from  the  Crusaders,  and  possessed  an  interesting 


a 


-jr 


Sword,  Platter  and  Pot  of  Myles  Standish. 

history  even  in  his  day.  In  this  case  is  an  iron 
pot  and  other  articles  found  a  number  of  years 
since  in  the  cellar  of  the  Standish  house  at  Dux- 
bury.  There  is  also  a  piece  of  embroidery, 
worked  by  the  daughter  of  Capt.  Standish,  at  the 
bottom  of  which  is  wrought  the  following  verse  : 

Lorea  Standish  is  my  name, 

Lord  guide  mv  heart  that  I  may  do  Thy  will  ; 

Also  fill  my  hands  with  such  convenient  skill 
As  will  conduce  to  virtue  void  of  shame, 
And  I  will  give  the  glory  to  Thy  name. 

Below  the  Standish  case  is  one  containing  a 
miscellaneous  collection,  among  which  is  one  of 
the  most  interesting  relics  in  the  hall ;  this  is  the 


21 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


first  patent  granted  to  the  Plymouth  Colonists  by 
the  New  England  Company,  and  is  the  oldest 
state  paper  in  existence  in  the  United  States.  A 
patent  was  granted  by  the  Virginia  Company  in 
the  name  of  John  Wineob,  but  never  used.  About 
the  time  of  the  departure  of  the  Forefathers  from 
England  for  this  country,  a  new  company  was 
created  by  a  royal  charter,  within  the  limits  of 
which  Plymouth  was  included,  and  in  1621  this 
patent  was  given  to  John  Pierce  and  his  associ- 
ates by  the  New  England  Company,  and  sent 
over  in  the  Fortune,  arriving  here  in  November 
of  that  year.  This  patent  was  found  in  the  land 
office  in  Boston,  among  a  mass  of  old  papers,  by 
William  Smith,  Esq.,  one  of  the  land  committee. 
The  Hon.  John  Davis,  then  editing  a  new  edition 
of  Morton's  New  England  Memorials,  obtained  it 
for  his  use  in  this  book,  and  from  him  it  came 
into  the  possession  of  the  late  Morton  Davis. 
Esq.,  in  whose  family  it  remained  until  recently, 
and  was  finally  deposited  in  the  Hall  by  Mrs. 
Win.  II.  Whitman.  It  bears  the  seals  and  sig- 
natures of  the  Dnke  of  Lenox  ;  the  Marquis  of 
Hamilton  :  the  Earl  of  Warwick  and  Sir  Ferdi- 
nando  Gorges.  There  is  one  other  signature, 
but  it  is  so  obscurely  written  as  to  be  illegible. 

On  the  north  side,  nearest  the  ante-room,  is 
the  Winslow  case  with  articles  that  have  been  in 
possession    of   this  family,   and  near    by    is    the 

22 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Winslow  table,  of  massive  English  oak,  and  a 
chair,  both  articles  having  formerly  been  the 
property  of  Gov.  Edward  Winslow.  Next  above 
this  is  the  White  case,  containing  interesting  relics 
formerly  belonging  to  William  White  and  his  son 
Peregrine.  Next  is  another  miscellaneous  case, 
in  which  is  the  famous  long  shot  Thompson  gun  ; 
and  the  gun  barrel  with  which  King  Phillip  was 
killed.  The  original  manuscript  of  Mrs.  Heman's 
celebrated  ode,  "The  breaking  waves  dashed 
high,"  as  also  the  original  of  William  Cullen 
Bryant's  poem,  "Wild  was  the  day,  the  wintry 
sea,"  both  presented  by  the  late  James  T.  Fields, 
of  Boston,  are  also  in  this  case,  ■  together  with 
a  copy  of  Eliot's  Indian  Bible,  of  which  there  are 
now  no  more  than  four,  it  is  believed,  extant. 
There  is  here  likewise  a  piece  of  a  mulberry 
tree  planted  at  Scrooby,  England,  by  Cardinal 
Woolsey. 

The  north  ante-room  is  fitted  up  as  a  library, 
and  contains  cases  of  ancient,  rare  and  invalu- 
able books  and  ancient  documents  belonging  to 
the  society.  An  old  sofa  formerly  owned  by  Gov. 
Hancock,  upon  which  he  probably  sat  and  plotted 
treason  with  Samuel  Adams  against  the  English 
crown,  is  in  this  room.  On  the  walls  of  this 
room  are  copies  of  the  Winslow  portraits,  the 
originals  of  which  are  now  in  the  main  hall, 
having  become  the  property  of  the  society,  by 

23 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


bequest  of  the  late  Isaac  Winslow,  of  Hingham, 
in  1883.  Here  also  may  be  seen  the  original 
signatures  of  those  present  at  the  Pilgrim 
Society  dinner,  Dec.  22cl,  1820,  at  which  time 
Mr.  Webster  delivered  his  famous  oration.  The 
roll  contains  the  names  of  many  distinguished 
men  of  those  times.  In  this  room  is  the  coat  of 
arms  of  the  British  Crown,  which  iu  "  Good  Old 
Colony  times  when  we  were  under  the  King," 
hung  over  the  Judge's  seat  in  the  colonial  Court 
House,  now  our  old  Town  House.  When  the 
Revolution  broke  out  and  the  loyalists  had  to 
flee,  this  was  carried  away  by  the  Tory  Judge, 
or  Clerk  of  the  Courts,  to  Shelburne,  N.  S., 
from  whence  it  was  returned,  some  years  ago, 
to  its  old  home. 

From  the  first  ante-room  a  flight  of  stairs 
conducts  to  the  basement,  where  all  desired  con- 
veniences for  visitors  will  be  found.  In  the 
lower  hall  is  an  interesting  museum  of  articles, 
which  have  been  separated  from  the  Pilgrim  col- 
lection, and  as  pertaining  to  ancient  da}Ts  in  many 
instances,  or  as  curiosities,  will  well  repay  exam- 
ination. 


24 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


THE  COURT  HOUSE. 

"  Though  justice  be  thy  plea,  consider  this,— 

That  iii  the  course  of  justice  none  of  us  should  see  salvation." 

At  our  right  hand,  soon  after  leaving  Pilgrint 
Hall,  we  see  a  large  building  with  a  handsome 
facade,  standing  a  little  back  from  the  street, 
and  fronted  by  a  small  park  enclosed  in  an  iron 
fence.  This  is  the  County  Court  House,  erected 
in  1820,  and  remodeled  in  1857.  It  was  partially 
destroyed  by  fire,  Nov.  7th,  1881,  the  roof  being 
burned ;  but,  owing  to  a  plentiful  supply  of 
water  from  the  town  works  and  the  efficiency 
of  the  steam  fire  department,  the  building  was 
saved,  with  but  little  damage  to  the  lower  part, 
and  there  was  no  loss  of  the  valuable  records  and 
papers.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  buildings  of  the 
kind  in  the  State,  and  the  judges  of  the  different 
courts  give  it  precedence  in  point  of  beauty,  con- 
venience, etc.,  over  all  they  visit.  It  has  two 
entrances.  The  northerly  one  leads  to  a  cor- 
ridor, from  which  is  a  stairway  to  the  large  court 
room  above  ;  admittance  to  a  smaller  court  room 
for  Probate  and  Grand  Jury  room  ;  and  rear  doors 
to  offices,  the  principal  openings  to  which  are  from 
the  other  corridor.  The  southerly  entrance  is  to 
a  corridor  paved  with  Vermont  marble,  and  from 
which  leads  a  flight  of  stairs  for  the  Court,  mem- 
bers of  the  bar,  officers  and  jurymen,  to  the 
court  room.     On  the  left,  below,  is  the  room  of 

c  25 


The  Court  House. 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


the  County  Treasurer  ;  on  the  right,  that  of  Clerk 
of  the  Courts  ;  beyond,  on  the  right,  is  the  Reg- 
istry of  Probate,  and  opposite,  the  Registry  of 
Deeds.  In  the  latter  room  the  visitor  will  find 
much  of  interest. 

Here  are  the  earliest  records  of  Plymouth  Col- 
ony, in  the  handwriting  of  the  men  who  are  now 
held  in  reverence  the  world  over  for  their  courage 
in  braving  the  perils  of  an  unknown  sea  and  an 
equally  unknown  shore,  to  face  the  dangers  of 
savage  men  and  savage  beasts,  in  their  constancy 
to  what  they  believed  to  be  their  duty,  and  for 
planting  on  this  spot  the  great  principles  of  a 
government  by  the  people. 

"  A  church  without  a  bishop, 
A  state  without  a  king." 

Here  is  their  writing,  some  of  it  quaint  and 
crabbed,  some  fair  and  legible.  Here,  on  these 
very  pages,  rested  the  hands,  fresh  from  handling 
the  sword  and  the  musket,  or  the  peaceful  imple- 
ments of  husbandry,  of  Bradford  and  Brewster 
and  Standish,  and  others  of  that  heroic  band. 
Here  is  the  original  laying  out  of  the  first  street, 
Leyden  Street.  Here  is  the  plan  of  the  plots  of 
ground,  first  assigned  for  yearly  use,  which  they 
called  in  the  tinge  of  the  Dutch  tongue  they  had 
acquired  in  their  long  residence  in  Holland, 
••meersteads."  Here  are  the  simple,  and  yet 
wise,  rules, — laws  they  can  hardly  yet  be  called, 

27 


OLD    PLYMOUTp. 

— laid  clown  for  the  government  of  the  infant 
Colony.  The  curious  searcher  will  look  in  vain 
for  the  evidence  of  their  unjustly  alleged  bigotry 
or  narrow-mindedness.  The  Pilgrims  of  Ply- 
mouth Colony  have  had  to  bear  for  many  years 
the  stigma  and  opprobrium  of  deeds  done  by  the 
younger,  more  aristocratic  and  bigoted  Coloiry  of 
Massachusetts  Puritans  of  Salem  and  Boston. 
Within  a  few  years  the  truth  is  being  learned, 
proper  distinctions  made,  and  the  memory  of  the 
men  of  Plymouth  justified.  It  is  now  generally 
known  that  the  Pilgrims,  as  distinguished  from 
the  Puritans  of  Massachusetts,  were  broader  and 
more  liberal  in  their  ideas  than  the  men  of  the  lat- 
ter Colony,  and  for  which,  at  the  time,  they  were 
bullied  aud  reprimanded  by  the  richer  and  more 
influential  men  of  the  Bay.  The  Massachusetts 
Puritans,  and  not  the  Plymouth  Pilgrims,  hung 
witches,  persecuted  Quakers  and  Baptists,  and 
committed  like  excesses,  and  it  was  at  Plymouth, 
Roger  Williams  found  a  temporary  asylum,  when 
driven  out  of  Boston.  In  these  early  records  are 
contained  the  whole  history  of  the  plantation. 
Here  were  recorded  the  laws,  the  deeds  and 
mortgages,  the  wills  and  all  things  pertaining 
thereto.  What  we  now  divide  into  several  offices, 
all  are  here  in  one.  Here  is  the  will  of  Stand ish  ; 
the  order  establishing  jury  trial,  in  Governor 
Bradford's  writing  ;    the  order  for  the  first    cus- 

28 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


toms  law ;  the  division  of  cattle  into  lots,  one 
cow  being  divided  into  thirteen  lots.  It  was  four 
years  after  the  landing  before  any  domestic  cattle 
were  brought  over,  and  in  order  to  equalize  them 
they  were  divided  into  lots,  each  family  having 
one.  It  must  have  been  a  pretty  nice  affair  to 
divide  the  milk  of  one  cow  among  thirteen  par- 
ties, to  satisfy  all. 

Here  also  is  the  original  patent  to  the  Com- 
pany from  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  granted  in  1629, 
with  its  great  wax  seal  engraved  for  the  purpose, 
and  the  original  box  in  which  it  came  from  Eng- 
land. Here  are  signatures,  also,  of  nearly  as 
much  interest  as  those  of  the  Pilgrims  them- 
selves ;  the  marks  of  the  original  proprietors  of 
all  these  broad  fields  and  forests,  whose  names 
are  represented  by  signs  of  bows  and  tortoises,  of 
reptiles  and  animals  ;  the  race  which  has  wasted 
away  before  the  incoming  flood,  the  first  ripple  of 
which  we  are  now  tracing,  like  the  morning  dew 
before  the  rays  of  the  rising  sun.  Traces  of 
them  yet  remain.  Hardly  a  year  passes  but  their 
bones  or  their  implements  are  thrown  up  by  the 
plow  or  the  spade.  In  the  south  part  of  the 
town,  and  in  the  next  town  of  Sandwich,  a  few  of 
unmixed  blood  still  survive,  descendants  of  the 
original  inhabitants  who  saw  the  white  sails  of 
the  Mayflower  rise  from  the  distant  horizon  and 
bear  across  the  bay. 

29 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Here  are  also  ancient  deeds  written  in  the 
Indian  language,  as  put  in  form  by  Eliot  and 
Mayo.  The  record  clerk  must  have  had  his 
patience  severely  taxed  when  they  were  copied. 

Going  up  the  flight  of  stairs,  we  come  to  a 
landing  from  which  0{Jens  rooms  for  juries,  judg- 
es, law  library,  and  the  principal  court  room. 
This  is  a  loft}'  and  spacious,  well  lighted  and 
ventilated  room,  elegantly  fitted  and  furnished 
for  its  uses. 

Grounds  prettily  laid  out.  with  lawns  and 
shrubbery,  are  in  the  rear  of  the  Court  House, 
and  within  their  limits  is  the  residence  of  the 
Sheriff  of  the  County  and  Keeper  of  the  Prison. 

Opposite  Court  Square  is  the  .site  of  the 
new  Methodist  Church,  an  edifice  projected  at 
this  writing,  and  which  it  is  intended  shall  be  an 
ornamental  and  prominent  feature  of  the  locality. 

THE    PRISON. 

"  I  stood  in  Venire,  on  the  Bridge  of  Sighs  : 
A  palace  anil  a  prison  on  each  hand." 

Do  you  wish  to  enter  yonder  gloomy  looking 
building,  surrounded  by  a  significantly  high, 
spiked  fence?  A  pull  at  the  bell  handle  at  the 
gateway  causes  a  dissonant  clamor  of  a  gong,  and 
the  call  is  answered.  As  we  enter,  the  door  is 
securely  locked  behind  us.  Pause  one  moment 
just  as*we    step  within   the  gate  ;   from  where  we 

30 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


stand,  a  few  years  ago  the  soul  of  the  triple  kin 
murderer,  Sturtevant,  was  sent,  hardened  and 
defiant  to  the  last,  to  appear  before  the  Great 
Judge  of  all.  The  old  jail,  built  in  1820,  was 
long  ago  condemned  by  the  humanitarian 
progress  of  the  age,  and  the  upper  part  only  is 
used,  happily  with  extreme  rarity,  as  a  woman's 
prison,  the  dungeons  in  the  lower  part  being  now 
used  for  storage  purposes.  The  brick  House  of 
Correction  was  built  in  1852.  It  was  a  model 
institution  then,  but  is  now  surpassed  by  more 
modern  erections,  and  while  intended  to  be  large 
enough  for  a  long  time  to  come,  crime  of  a  petty 
nature  increases  so  fast  that  for  several  years  the 
necessity  of  another  building  has  been  impera- 
tively demanded  for  the  safety  and  health  of  the 
prisoners.  The  upper  story  is  a  workshop  for 
the  convicts,  while  the  cells,  thirty-two  in  num- 
ber, in  two  ranges,  one  above  the  other,  occupy 
the  rest  of  the  room. 

THE    ROCK. 

"A  rock  in  the  wilderness  welcomed  our  sires 
From  bondage  far  over  the  dark  rolling  sea; 
On  that  holy  altar  they  kindled  the  fires, 
Jehovah,  which  glow  in  our  bosoms  tor  thee." 

We  are  now  about  to  visit  Forefathers'  Rock. 
Passing  along  Court  Street  a  little  further  we 
come  to  its  intersection  with  Shirley  Square. 
On  the  corner  is  the   power  newspaper  and  job 


31 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


printing  office  of  Avery  &  Doten,  publishers  of 
the  --Old  Colony  Memorial."  the  old  news- 
paper of  the  town,  established  in  1822".  the  lead- 
ing journal  of  the  county,  with  an  extensive  and 
influential  circulation.  Their  office,  in  point  of 
completeness  and  capacity  for  all  kinds  of  work, 
of  which  they  do  a  large  amount,  will  compare' 
favorably  with  any.  except  the  largest,  in  the 
large  cities.  A9  we  turn  towards  the  water,  on 
the  opposite  corner  is  a  building  now  devoted  to 
business  purposes,  but  which  was  once  one  of  the 
aristocratic  mansions  of  the  town.  It  is  among 
the  oldest  in  the  place.  We  are  not  able  to  state 
by  whom  it  was  built,  but  several  years  before 
the  Revolution  it  was  owned  and  occupied  as  a 
residence  by  General  John  Wmslow.  After  him. 
and  during  the  Revolutionary  war,  it  was  owned 
by  General  James  Warren,  and  was  the  centre  of 
the  patriot  movement  of  the  town.  The  custom 
house  and  post-office  were  there  in  the  early  days 
of  the  country,  and  it  was  for  many  years  a  gen- 
teel residence,  but,  on  account  of  age  and  the 
increasing  business  of  the  town,  it  was  remodeled 
some  years  ago  for  its  present   purpose. 

Turning  down  North  Street,  leading  to  the 
water,  in  a  little  distance  we  come  to  the  brow 
of  the  hill.  On  the  left  Winslow  Street  winds 
northward,  and  on  it  we  see  an  old  mansion, 
partially  hidden    by  two  noble   old  trees.     This 

32 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Canopy  over  Plymouth  Rock. 


house  was  built  by  Edward  Winslow,  brother  to 
General  John  Winslow,  some  lime  before  the 
Revolution.  He  had  the  frame  got  out  in  Eng- 
land and  brought  over  for  this  purpose.  The 
trees  in  front  were  planted  by  his  daughter  about 
1760. 

Descending  the  hill,  at  our  right,  a  short  dis- 
tance, we  see  a  beautiful  and  artistic  structure  of 
granite  in  the  shape  of  a  canopy,  supported 
on  four  columns,  and  under  this  is  the  Rock, 
now  world  famous.  The  upper  portion  of  this 
renowned  boulder,  nearly  all  of  that  which  is  now 


33 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


in  sight,  was  for  one  hundred  and  live  years 
separated  from  the  original  Rock,  and  during  this 
long  period  occupied  localities  remote  from  the 
landing  place.  In  1775  during  the  first  fresh 
enthusiasm  of  the  Revolution,  in  endeavoring  to 
raise  the  Rock  from  its  bed  on  the  shore,  to 
prevent  its  being  covered  by  the  filling  in  of  a 
wharf  about  it,  this  piece  split  off.  Auguries  of 
the  separation  of  the  Colonies  from  the  Mother 
Country  were  then  drawn  from  the  circumstance, 
and  the  upper  part  was  taken,  amidst  much 
rejoicing,  to  Town  Square,  where  it  was  deposited 
at  the  foot  of  a  liberty  pole,  from  which  waved  a 
flag  bearing  the  motto  ''Liberty  or  Death."  It 
remained  there  until  1834,  when,  at  a  celebration 
of  the  Fourth  of  July,  it  was  carried  in  procession 
to  Pilgrim  Hall,  deposited  in  the  front  area,  and 
enclosed  by  the  iron  fence  which  now  surrounds 
the  tablet  with  the  Compact  near  the  same  spot. 
Here  it  remained  forty-six  years,  its  incongruous 
position,  away  from  the  water,  not  being  under- 
stood by  visitors  without  lengthy  explanation. 
Mr.  Stickney,  the  gentleman  by  whose  liberality 
the  alterations  in  Pilgrim  Hall  were  at  this  time 
being  made,  recognized  the  impropriety  of  this 
separation  of  the  Rock,  and  proposed  reuniting 
the  parts  at  the  original  landing  place.  The  Pil- 
grim Society  readily  acceded  to  this  proposition, 
and    accordingly   on   Monday,   September    27th, 

34 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


1880,  without  ceremony,  this  part  of  the  Rock 
was  placed  beneath  the  Monumental  Canopy  at 
the  water-side,  the  reunited  pieces  probably  now 
presenting  much  the  same  appearance  as  when 
the  Pilgrim  shallop  grazed  its  side.  As  to  the 
identity  of  this  Rock,  and  the  certainty  of  its 
being  the  very  one  consecrated  by  the  first  touch 
of  Pilgrim  feet  on  this  shore,  there  is  not  the 
slightest  loop  hole  for  a  doubt.  Ancient  records 
now  accessible,  refer  to  it  as  an  object  of  promi- 
nence on  the  shore,  before  the  building  of  the 
wharf  about  it  in  the  year  1741.  Thomas  Faunce, 
the  elder  of  the  church,  who  was  born  in  1646 
and  died  in  1745,  was  the  son  of  John  Faunce, 
who  came  over  in  the  Ann  in  1623.  At  the  age 
of  ninety-five  years,  hearing  that  the  Rock,  which 
from  youth  he  had  venerated,  was  to  be  disturbed, 
he  visited  the  village,  related  the  history  of  the 
Rock  as  told  him  by  his  father  and  contemporary 
Pilgrims,  and  in  the  presence  of  many  witnesses 
declared  it  to  be  that  upon  which  the  Forefathers 
landed  in  1620.  Thus  it  has  been  pointed  out 
and  identified  from  one  generation  to  another, 
and  from  the  days  of  the  first  coiners  to  the 
present  time.  Not  a  shadow  of  distrust  rests 
upon  it  as  being  the  identical  spot  where  the  first 
landing  was  effected  on  the  shore  of  Plymouth. 
Let  us  picture  to  ourselves  the  scene  on  that  Mon- 
day morning,  when,  after  their  rest  on  Clark's 

35 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Island,  they  came  in  their  shallop  to  inspect  the 
new  country  that  they  had  providentially  found. 
The  wharves  and  buildings  and  every  trace  of 
civilization  vanish.  All  is  wild  and  unknown. 
Across  the  harbor  comes  the  boat,  every  eye 
anxiously  and  keenly  scanning  the  strange  shore 
to  discover  the  presence  of  human  beings,  who 
will  be  sure  to  be  enemies.  They  coast  along 
the  shore  by  cliff  and  lowland,  hand  on  weapon, 
every  sense  alert  for  the  expected  war  whoop  and 
attack.  A  steep,  sandy  cliff,  the  base  of  which  is 
washed  by  the  water,  meets  their  eye  ;  at  its  foot 
a  great  boulder,  brought  from  some  far  away 
coast  by  glaciers,  in  some  loug  gone  age.  Oval 
in  form,  with  a  flat  top,  it  seems  the  very  place 
to  bring  the  great  clumsy  boat  up  to,  as  from  its 
top  they  can  spring  to  the  shore  dry  shod, 
a  matter  which,  after  their  previous  wading  in  ice 
cold  water  at  the  Cape,  is  of  no  small  moment. 
The  shallop  is  steered  to  its  side  ;  the  company 
step  upon  the  Rock,  and  the  Landing  of  the 
Forefathers,  now  so  reverently  commemorated, 
is  completed.  Look  along  the  shore  at  this  day, 
north  or  south,  and  you  may  see  cliffs  as  this  was 
then.  Divested  of  romance  thrown  around  it  by 
time,  it  should  be  remembered  that  the  "Land- 
ing" was  that  of  the  exploring  party  which  had 
coasted  around  the  bay,  the  Mayflower  then 
being  in  Cape  Cod  Harbor. 

36 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


"Mourt's  Relation,"  written  by  one  of  the 
actors  of  this  great  drama,  is  a  graphic  and 
detailed  account  of  the  first  landing  and  for  some 
months  after.  It  is  the  only  one  we  have  that 
gives  us  the  now  eagerly  sought  details,  that  at 
the  time  were  thought  too  trivial  to  mention,  but 
of  which  the  least  scrap  is  now  as  grains  of  gold. 
We  shall  quote  him  often.  According  to  the 
"Relation,"  the  exploring  party  having  landed 
from  the  Rock,  "marched  also  into  the  land  and 
found  divers  cornfields  and  little  running  brooks, 
a  place  very  good  for  situation.  So  we  returned 
to  our  ship  again  with  good  news  to  the  rest  of 
the  people,  which  did  much  comfort  their  hearts." 

The  Mayflower  weighs  her  anchor,  and  spread- 
ing sail  moves  across  the  bay.  Feeling  carefully 
their  way.  they  pass  the  Gurnet,  and  navigate 
along  the  channel  inside  the  beach,  until,  at  the 
wide  bend  towards  the  town  just  above  the  pres- 
ent Beach  Pavilion,  as  is  believed  by  those  who 
have  studied  the  situation,  the  anchor  is  dropped, 
not  to  be  again  disturbed  until  the  following 
Spring.  But  the  location  is  not  yet  settled. 
Some,  with  the  alarm  of  the  recent  encounters 
vividly  impressed  upon  them,  think  the  Island, 
surrounded  by  water  and  easily  defended,  would 
be  a  good  place.  Jones  River,  sending  its  waters 
unbridged  to  meet  the  waves  of  the  bay,  attracts 
the  attention  of  others.     "So  in  the  morning,  after 

d  37 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 

we  had  called  on  God  for  direction,  we  came  to 
this  resolution,  to  go  presently  ashore  again,  and 
to  take  a  better  view  of  two  places  which  we 
thought  most  fitting  for  ns  ;  for  we  could  not  now 
take  time  for  further  search  or  consi  eration,  our 
victuals  being  much  spent,  especiall}T  our  beer, 
and  it  being  now  the  19th  of  December.  After 
our  landing  and  viewing  the  places,  so  well  as  we 
could,  we  came  to  a  conclusion,  by  most  voices, 
to  set  on  a  high  ground,  where  there  is  a  great 
deal  of  land  cleared,  and  hath  been  planted  with 
corn  three  or  four  years  ago  ;  and  there  is  a  very 
sweet  brook  runs  under  the  hillside,  and  many 
delicate  springs  of  as  good  water  as  can  be  drunk. 
and  where  we  may  harbor  our  shallops  and  boats 
exceeding  well ;  and  in  this  brook  fish  in  their 
season  ;  on  the  further  side  of  the  river  also  much 
corn  ground  cleared.  In  one  field  is  a  great  hill 
on  which  we  point  to  make  a  platform,  and  plant 
our  ordnance,  which  will  command  all  around 
about.  From  thence  we  may  see  into  the  bay, 
and  far  into  the  sea  ;  and  we  may  see  thence 
Cape  Cod.  Our  greatest  labor  will  be  the  fetch- 
ing of  our  wood,  which  is  half  a  quarter  of  an 
English  mile  ;  but  there  is  enough  so  far  off. 
What  people  inhabit  here  we  yet  know  not,  for 
as  yet  we  have  seen  none.  So  there  we  made  our 
rendezvous,  and  a  place  for  some  of  our  people, 
about  twenty,  resolving  in  the  morning  to  come 
all  ashore  and  to  build  houses." 


38 


-&^&om 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


COLE'S    HILL. 

"  Not  Winter's  sullen  face, 
Not  the  tierce  tawny  race. 

In  arms  arrayed; 
Not  hunger  shook  their  faith, 
Not  sickness'  baleful  breath, 
Not  Carver's  early  death, 

Their  souls  dismayed." 

Ascending  the  broad  flight  of  steps  that  now 
lead  to  the  brow  of  the  hill,  and  turning  to  the 
left,  we  tread  upon  sacred,  hallowed  ground. 
Here  were  buried,  in  that  dark,  sad  winter  in 
which  they  landed,  half  of  their  little  band.  The 
terrible  tale  is  told  concisely  by  the  narrator 
already  quoted.  "This  month"  (March)  "thir- 
teen of  our  number  die.  And  in  three  months 
past,  dies  half  our  company  ;  the  greatest  part  in 
the  depth  of  winter,  wanting  houses  and  other 
comforts,  being  afflicted  with  the  scurvy  and 
other  diseases,  which  their  long  voyage  and 
unaceomodate  condition  brought  upon  them  ;  so 
as  there  die  sometime  two  or  three  a  day.  Of  a 
hundred  persons  scarce  fifty  remaining  ;  the  living- 
scarce  able  to  bury  the  dead  ;  the  well  not  suffi- 
cient to  tend  the  sick,  there  being,  in  their  t.me 
of  greatest  distress,  but  six  or  seven,  who  spare 
no  pains  to  help  them."  They  buried  them  on 
this  hill,  and  leveled  the  graves,  and  in  the 
spring  following  planted   corn   above   them,  that 

39 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


the  Indians  might  not  know  the  extent  of  then- 
great  loss.  At  four  different  times  the  remains 
have  been  discovered.  In  1735,  in  a  great  rain, 
the  water  rushing  down  Middle  Street  to  the 
harbor,  caused  a  deep  gully  there,  exposing 
human  remains  and  washing  them  into  the  sea. 
In  1855,  workmen  engaged  in  digging  trenches 
for  the  water  work.-,  found  parts  of  live  skele- 
tons. The  graves  were  in  the  roadway,  about 
five  rods  south  of  the  foot  of  Middle  Street. 
One  of  the  skulls  was  sent  to  a  competent  anato- 
mist in  Boston,  and  was  pronounced  to  be  of 
the  Caucasian  race.  The  remains  were  care- 
fully gathered  and  placed  in  a  metallic  box.  pro- 
perly inscribed,  and  interred  on  Burial  Hill. 
subsequently  being  deposited  in  the  chamber  of 
the  Canopy  over  the  Rock,  at  its  completion  in 
the  year  1867.  Again,  on  the  8th  of  October, 
1<S<S:3.  during  repairs  on  the  hill,  other  remains 
were  found,  which  were  carefully  removed  and 
afterwards,  on  the  20th  of  November,  enclosed 
in  a  lead  box  and  reinterred  on  the  precise  spot 
of  their  original  burial.  Directly  over  the  grave 
a  granite  slab  has  been  placed  by  order  of  the 
town,  bearing  an  appropriate  inscription.  On 
the  27th  of  November,  1883,  others  still  Avere 
found,  which  lie  undisturbed  near  the  last,  and 
their  exact  resting  place  is  designated  on  the 
memorial  slab  above  mentioned.     Cole's  Hill  has 


40 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


other  histories  also.  From  the  first  clays,  its 
position  over  arid  commanding  the  harbor,  led  to 
its  being  selected  as  a  place  of  defence.  In  1742 
the  General  Court  granted  a  sum  of  money  to  the 
town,  to  erect  a  battery  here.  In  1775,  the  old 
defence  having  gone  to  decay,  a  new  one  was 
built  and  manned,  and  continued  to  be  kept  up 
during  the  war.  In  1814  still  another  fort  was 
thrown  up  here,  and  placed  in  charge  of  com- 
panies of  soldiers,  stationed  in  the  town. 

The  side  of  the  1 1  ill  facing  the  Rock  was  for- 
merly covered  with  old  and  unsightly  buildings, 
as  for  many  years  the  part  of  the  town  near  the 
water  was  a  favorite  place  for  building.  Some 
years  ago  the  Pilgrim  Society  began  to  purchase 
these  lots  and  tear  down  the  buildings,  until  now 
the  whole  face  of  the  hill  to  Middle  Street 
is  graded  and  grassed  over,  presenting  a  fine, 
green  slope,  and  adding  very  much  to  the  beauty 
of  the  locality. 

LEYDEH    STREET. 

"  There  first  was  heard  the  welcome  strain 
Of  axe  and  hammer,  saw  and  plane." 

Walking  around  the  brow  of  the  hill  we  pass 
the  Universalist  Church,  erected  in  1826,  on  the 
spot  where  stood  the  ancient  Allyne  House,  one 
of  the  last  of  its  architecture  to  disappear  in  the 
Colony. 

41 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Allyne  Houee. 

Standing  on  this  eleYation,  we  can  see  the 
reasons  for  the  selection  of  this  place  for  the 
settlement.  There,  below  us,  are  the  waters  of 
"the  very  sweet  brook,"  into  which  the  "■many 
delicate  springs"  still  continue  to  run.  How 
sweet  they  must  have  tasted  to  the  palates  of 
these  poor,  storm-tossed  wayfarers,  who  for 
months  had  been  drinking  the  stale  ship's  water. 
Sweet  and  pure  they  are  now  as  they  were  then. 
Then,  the  brook  came  to  the  sea  in  its  natural 
wildness,  unfettered  by  bridge  or  dam.  Where 
it  met  the  waters  of  the   ocean  was   quite   a  wide 


42 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


estuary,  so  that  before  the  lower  bridge  was  built 
schooners  of  considerable  size  were  wintered 
here,  nearly  up  to  the  second  bridge.  Beyond  it 
is  the  land  where  there  was  "much  corn  land 
cleared."  Opposite  the  large  elm  tree  on  the 
bank,  they  built  their  first  building;  a  ''common 
house."  In  KOI,  in  digging  the  cellar  of  the 
upper  house  opposite  the  tree,  several  tools  and 
a  plate  of  iron  were  found,  which  without  doubt 
were  in  his  house.  It  was  about  twenty  feet 
square,  and  thatched.  It  took  fire  in  the  roof 
January  14,  1621,  and  the  thatch  was  burnt.  It 
was  a  common  log  house,  such  as  is  built  now  by 
Western  pioneers,  and  probably  was  not  used 
many  years.  These  articles  found  were  probably 
left  in  it.  unnoticed  when  vacated,  and  only  came 
to  light  when  the  little  colony  to  whom  they  were 
so  useful,  had  expanded  into  a  great  nation.  A 
sign  now  marks  this  spot. 

Following,  our  ancient  chronicler  furnishes  us 
an  interesting  record : 

"Thursday,  the  28th  of  December,  so  many  as 
could  went  to  work  on  the  hill,  where  we  pur- 
posed to  build  our  platform  for  our  ordnance,  and 
which  doth  command  all  the  plain  and  the  bay, 
and  from  whence  we  may  see  far  into  the  sea, 
and  might  be  easier  impaled,  having  two  rows  of 
houses  and  a  fair  street.  So  in  the  afternoon  we 
went  to  measure  out  the   grouuds,   and   first  we 

43 


Burial  Hill 


Edwarrl  Winslow. 


Francis  Cooke. 


Mr.  Isaak  Allerton. 


John  Billington. 


Governor  Bradford, 


A  Hiyhway  leading  to  Vow, 
J>r<n.k. 


King  Street— Noio  Main  S'reeti 


Mr.  William  Brewster. 

John^Goodman. 

V 

Peter  Brown. 

Common  House. 

The  Harbor. 


Stephen  Hopkins. 


John  Howland. 


Samuel  Fuller. 


Cole's  Hill. 

e  First  Burial  PI  ice 


°4. 


Leyden  Street  in  1621, 


(Originally  named  First  Street,  afterwards  in  the  records  called  Great  and 
Broad  Street,  named  Leyden  Street  in  1623.) 


Leyden  Street  in  I860, 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


took  notice  how  many  families  there  were,  willing 
all  single  men  that  had  no  wives  to  join  with 
some  family,  as  they  thought  fit,  so  that  we  might 
build  fewer  houses ;  which  was  done,  and  we 
reduced  them  to  nineteen  families. 

To  greater  families  we  alloted  larger  plots  ;  to 
every  person  half  a  pole  in  breadth  and  three  in 
length  ;  and  so  lots  were  cast  where  every  man 
should  lie  ;  which  was  done  and  staked  out,"  and 
this  was  the  laying  out  of  Leyden  Street.  An 
unfinished  plan  of  this  street  is  to  be  seen  on  the 
old  records  at  the  Court  House.  The  late  Andrew 
L.  Russell  devoted  much  time  to  identify  these 
lots,  and  by  patient  search  established  them,  it  is 
thought,  very  correctly.  By  the  kindness  of  his 
family  we  are  enabled  to  give  the  accompanying 
diagram  as  he  drew  it.  showing  the  names  of  the 
persons  and  their  situations,  from  the  common 
house  up  the  hill.  It  must  be  remembered  that 
for  the  first  two  years  the  land  was  held  in  com- 
mon, and  cultivated  as  joint  stock.  In  1023  the 
land  was  arranged  in  severalty.  The  plan  given 
is  that  of  assignments  at  the  first  settling.  It  is 
probable  that  when  the  land  was  divided  to  each 
as  his  own,  the  original  lots  were  largely  retained, 
and  more  ground  allowed  them  faither  from  Ley- 
den Street.  Elder  Brewster  had  six  acres,  and 
Governor  Bradford  three  acres  assigned  them, 
south  of  Town  Brook.  In  1627,  Isaac  DeRasieres, 


•46 


f  OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


an  officer  from  the  Dutch  Colony  of  New  Nether- 
lands, now  New  York,  visited  Plymouth,  and  in 
a  letter  to  Holland  sends  the  following  descrip- 
tion of  the  appearance  of  the  place  : 

"New  Plymouth  lies  on  the  slope  of  a  hill 
stretching  east  towards  the  sea  coast,  with  a 
broad  street  about  a  cannon  shot  of  eight  hun- 
dred [yards]  long,  leading  down  the  hill,  with  a 
[street]  crossing  in  the  middle,  northwards  to  the 
rivulet,  and  southwards  to  the  land.*  The  houses 
are  constructed  of  hewn  planks,  with  gardens 
also  enclosed  behind  and  at  the  sides  with  hewn 
planks,  so  that  their  houses  and  court-yards  are 
arranged  in  very  good  order,  with  a  stockade 
against  a  sudden  attack  ;  and  at  the  ends  of  the 
streets  are  three  wooden  gates.  In  the  centre,  on 
the  cross  street,  stands  the  Governor's  house, 
before  which  is  a  square  enclosure,  upon  which 
four  patereros  [steen-stucken]  are  mounted,  so 
as  to  flank  along  the  streets.  Upon  the  hill  they 
have  a  large,  square  house,  with  a  flat  roof,  made 
of  thick  sawn  planks,  stayed  with  oak  beams, 
upon  the  top  of  which  they  have  six  cannons, 
which  shoot  iron  balls  of  four  and  five  pounds, 
and  command  the  surrounding  country." 

This  was  the  Plymouth  of  1G27,  when  the  set- 
tlement here  was  assured.    Walking  up  the  street 

*An  error  in  statement  of  the  points  of  the  compass  is  here  evi- 
dent. It  should  be  "southwards  to  the  rivulet,  and  northwai'ds  to 
the  land." 

'1 A 


OLD    PLYMOUTH.  Ig 


we  pass  on  our  left  the  church  of  the  Baptist 
Society,  built  in  1865,  to  replace  their  old  house 
of  worship  on  Spring  Street,  burned  in  1861. 
We  now  enter  Town  Square,  shaded  by  its  noble 
elms,  planted  in  1784.  On  the  corner  of  Main 
Street  is  a  large  building,  built  in  1870  by  May- 
flower Lodge.  I.  ().  O.  F.  The  ground  floor  is 
used  for  the  post  office  and  a  number  of  hand- 
some stores,  and  in  the  second  story  is  a  fine 
public  hall  with  dining  and  ante-rooms,  and  a 
lodge  room  of  the  order,  very  elegantly  fitted  and 
furnished,  with  necessary  anterooms.  This  build- 
ing covers  the  spot  on  which  stood  the  house  of 
William  Bradford,  so  many  years  the  Pilgrim 
Governor.  Above  this  is  the  Congregationalist 
"Church  of  the  Pilgrimage,"  built  in  1840,  with 
its  adjacent  chapel,  standing,  it  is  believed,  on 
the  exact  locality  of  the  first  meeting  house. 
Opposite  is  an  old  building,  now  the  Town  House, 
This  was  built  in  1741)  as  a  Court  House, 
the  town  contributing  a  part  of  the  cost  for  the 
privilege  of  using  it.  When  the  new  Court  House 
was  built  in  1820,  this  building  was  purchased  by 
the  town.  The  entrance  to  it  for  some  years 
after  it  was  built,  was  from  the  east  end  by  a 
broad  flight  of  steps.  About  1787  these  were 
taken  awa}T,  and  the  entrance  fixed  as  at  present 
to  make  a  market  in  the  basement,  which  was 
kept  there  as  a  town  market  for  many  years.     At 

48 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


the  head  of  the  square  is  the  church  of  the  First 
Parish,  the  original  church  of  the  Pilgrims.  It  is 
now  of  the  Unitarian  denomination,  The  present 
church,  an  imitation  of  the  Gothic,  was  built  in 
1830.  The  first  "meeting  house,"  as  the  Pil- 
grims called  them,  to  distinguish  them  from 
houses  of  worship  of  the  established  church,  has 
been  proved  by  the  investigations  of  Mr.  W.  T. 
Davis  to  have  stood  on  the  north  side  of  the 
square,  near  the  spot  occupied  by  the  tower 
of  Odd  Fellows'  Hall  and  the  store  of  Hatch  & 
Shaw.  Of  this  we  know  but  little,  except 
that  it  was  erected  in  1638,  (the  Forefathers 
before  that  time  worshipping  in  the  fort  on  the 
hill),  and  had  a  bell.  In  1683  a  new  building 
was  erected,  not  on  the  same  lot,  but  farther  out 
at  the  head  of  the  square.  This  was  forty-five 
by  forty  feet,  sixteen  feet  in  the  walls,  had  a 
Gothic  roof,  diamond  window  glass  and  a  bell. 
In  1744  still  another  church  was  built,  on  or  near 
the  same  site.  This  remained  until  the  present 
one  was  built,  which  stands  farther  up  the  hill 
than  the  previous  ones. 


49 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


BURYING   HILL. 

"  The  Pilgrim  Fathers  are  at  rest: 
"When  Summer's  throned  on  high, 
And  the  world's  warm  breast  is  in  verdure  dressed 
Go,  stand  on  the  hill  where  they  lie." 

Beyond  and  above  stretches  the  verdant  slope, 
consecrated  from  the  earliest  years  of  the  colony 
as  a  place  of  sepulture.  Here  repose  the  ashes 
of  those  who  survived  the  first  winter.  It  is  the 
place  alluded  to  at  the  first  landing.  "In  one 
field  a  great  hill,  on  which  we  point  to  make  a 
platform  and  plant  our  ordnance,  which  will  com- 
mand all  round  about.  From  thence  we  may  see 
into  the  bay  and  far  into  the  sea."  A  little  from 
the  path  up  the  hill,  to  the  left,  just  below  the 
Cushman  monument,  a  marble  tablet  marks  the 
spot  where  the  fort  of  the  little  colony  was  sit- 
uated, quite  a  portion  of  its  outline  still  being- 
distinct,  particularly  at  the  easterly  corner.  We 
can  see  at  once  with  what  sagacity  the  site  was 
chosen,  undoubtedly  by  Standish.  If  the  church 
were  away  we  could  see  the  whole  length  of 
Leyden  Street,  which  the  fort  was  erected  to 
defend.  It  also  commanded  the  approaches  from 
the  brook  over  which  the  Indians  came. 

Standing  here  we  have  a  view  of  the  southern 
part  of  the  town.  The  blue  heights  of  Manomet 
Hills  shut  in  the  horizon.  Beyond  them  lies  the 
little  hamlet  of  South  Plymouth,  a  rural  village, 

50 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


with  summer  hotels,  the  Manomet  and  Brastow 
Houses,  of  considerable  celebrity,  especially 
among*  sportsmen.  On  this  side  is  the  village  of 
Chiltonville,  with  its  churches  and  factories. 
Here  are  two  quite  large  mills,  which  make  the 
well  known  sail  cloth  "Old  Colony  Duck."  Two 
zinc  plates  and  nail  mills,  with  other  smaller 
industries,  are  also  located  at  Chiltonville.  Far 
down  to  the  shore,  near  the  head  of  the  Beach,  is 
the  Clifford  House.  This  hotel  has  long  been 
known  as  one  of  the  finest  summer  resorts  on  the 
coast.  Nearer  lies  the  southerly  portion  of  the 
main  village.  There  is  the  common,  laid  out 
very  early  as  a  •■Training  Green,"  the  name  it 
bears  today,  with  the  Soldiers'  Monument,  erected 
in  1869.  Facing  the  Green  is  a  building  used 
now  for  a  High  School  house.  It  was  erected 
in  1800  as  a  church,  by  the  Third  Congregational 
Society.  They  continued  to  worship  here  until 
they  moved  to  their  present  church  in  Town 
Square.  Opposite  is  Watson's  Hill,  now  covered 
with  houses.  This  was  the  ' ;  Cantauganteest"  of 
the  Indians,  one  of  their  favorite  resorts,  where 
they  had  their  summer  camps,  and  on  the  level 
below  which  they  planted  their  corn.  It  is  famous 
as  the  scene  of  the  treaty  with  Massasoit.  Gov. 
Bradford  had  a  tract  of  land  assigned  him  here 
on  which  to  raise  corn,  and  to  this  day  portions 
of    the    hill    remain    in    the   Bradford  name  and 

51 


OLD  PLYMOUTH. 


others  of  direct  descent  from  him.  On  the  crest 
of  this  hill  the  Pilgrims  caught  the  first  sight  of 
the  Indians,  and  over  this  came  Massasoit  with 
his  plumed  and  painted  sachems  and  braves.  We 
will  quote  from  our  former  eye  witness,  the 
scenes:  "Saturday,  the  17th  day,  in  the  morn- 
ing, we  called  a  meeting  for  the  establishing  of 
military  orders  among  ourselves ;  and  we  chose 
Myles  Standish  our  captain,  and  gave  him  author- 
ity of  command  in  affairs.  And  as  we  were  in 
consultation  hereabouts,  two  savages  presented 
themselves  upon  the  top  of  a  hill,  over  against 
our  plantation,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  and 
less,  and  made  signs  unto  us  to  come  unto  them  ; 
we  likewise  made  signs  unto  them  to  come  to  us. 
Whereupon  we  armed  ourselves  and  stood  ready, 
and  sent  two  over  the  brook  towards  them, 
to  wit :  Captain  Standish  and  Stephen  Hopkins, 
who  went  towards  them.  Only  one  of  them  had 
a  musket,  which  they  laid  down  on  the  ground  in 
their  sight,  in  sign  of  peace,  and  to  parley  with 
them.  But  the  savages  would  not  tarry  their 
coming.  A  noise  of  a  great  many  more  was 
heard  behind  the  hill,  but  no  more  came  in  sight. 
This  caused  us  to  plant  our  great  ordnance  in 
places  most  convenient."  About  four  weeks 
after  this  the  colonists  were  astonished  and  some- 
what alarmed  by  the  entrance  of  Samoset,  stalk- 
ing  down   the   street   and    saluting    them   with 

52 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


"Welcome,  Euglismen."  March  21st,  as  they 
were  again  met  in  consultation,  the  Indians  again 
appeared  on  this  hill,  this  time  with  gestures  of 
defiance,  but  ran  away  again  on  the  approach  of 
the  settlers.  The  next  day  word  came  that  the 
great  sachem,  Massasoit,  was  over  the  hill, 
desirous  of  an  interview.  "They  could  not  well 
express  in  English  what  they  would  ;  but  after  an 
hour  the  king  came  to  the  top  of  a  hill  over 
against  us,  and  had  in  his  train  sixty  men,  that 
we  could  well  behold  them  and  they  us.  We 
were  not  willing  to  send  our  governor  to  them, 
and  the)7  were  unwilling  to  come  to  us."  So 
Squanto,  the  only  native  of  the  spot  upon  which 
the  Pilgrims  had  settled,  that  we  know  of, — the 
tribe  that  belonged  here,  the  Patuxets,  having 
been  destroyed  by  a  fearful  sickness  some  years 
before  the  lauding, — who  had  been  abducted  by 
one  Hunt  and  carried  to  England,  from  which  he 
had  been  sent  back,  and  who  had  joined  the  Pil- 
grims a  few  days  before,  and  ever  after  was  a 
most  faithful  friend  to  them,  went  over  to  make 
arrangements  for  the  interview.  Having  sent 
over  a  hostage,  Massasoit  "came  over  the  brook, 
and  some  twenty  men  following  him,  leaving  all 
their  bows  and  arrows,  behind  them.  We  kept 
six  or  seven  as  hostages  for  our  messenger. 
Captain  Stmdish  and  Master  Williamson  met  the 
King  at  the  brook,  with  half  a  dozen  musketeers. 

53 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


X 


They  saluted  him  and  he  them ;  so  one  going 
over,  the  one  on  one  side  and  the  other  on  the 
other,  conducted  him  to  a  house  then  in  building, 
where  we  placed  a  green  rug  and  three  or  four 
cushions.  Then  instantly  came  our  governor, 
with  drum  and  trumpet  after  him,  and  some  few 
musketeers. ' '  And  then  and  there  that  treaty  was 
made  which  bound  Massasoit  to  the  Pilgrims  as 
a  friend  for  his  life,  and  during  its  continuance  of 
forty  years,  conduced  so  effectually  to  the  safety 
and  permanency  of  the  Colony. 

Under  the  hill  runs  the  brook,  not  as  then  in 
its  virgin  freedo  n,  but  "vexed  in  all  its  seaward 
course  with  bridges,  dams,  and  mills,"  its  every 
drop  is  made  subservient  to  the  uses  of  men. 

At  its  mouth  is  the  large  sawing,  planing,  and 
box  mill  of  E.  &  J.  C.  Barnes.  At  the  stone 
bridge,  a  little  farther  up,  which  spans  the  place 
where  Massasoit  crossed  the  stream,  is  a  grist 
mill,  and  the  works  of  the  Bradford  Bedstead 
Joint  Co.  Above  these  are  the  extensive  Tack 
and  Rivet  Works  of  Samuel  Loring.  Then  comes 
the  Rolling  Mills  and  Nail  Works  of  the  Robinson 
Iron  Co.  Still  beyond  are  the  works  of  the 
Plymouth  Mills  Rivet  Co.  On  the  next  privilege 
is  the  machine  shop  of  the  latter  company  and 
the  mill  of  the  Old  Colon}7  Batting  Co.  Above 
these  are  the  factories  of  the  Billington  Cotton 
Mills,  being  the  last  manufacturing  buildings  on 

54 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


the  stream.  There  is  a  clam  farther  up,  near 
where  the  brook  issues  from  Billington  Sea,  as 
the  lake  is  called,  from  Francis  Billington,  one  of 
the  Pilgrims  who  discovered  it,  where  there  were 
once  saw  mills,  but  it  is  now  used  only  to  control 
the  supply  of  water  from  the  pond. 

A  little  to  the  north  of  the  site  of  the  old  fort, 
another  tablet  marks  the  place  of  the  brick  watch 
tower  erected  in  1G43.  The  locality  of  this  tower 
is  indicated  by  four  stone  posts  set  in  the  ground 
to  mark  its  corners.  The  brick  foundation  is 
still  there,  about  a  foot  below  the  surface,  and 
the  old  hearthstone  on  which  the  Pilgrims  built 
their  watch  fires,  still  lies  where  they  placed  it 
on  the  southerly  side  of  the  enclosure.  The 
location  of  the  tower  was  discovered  several 
years  ago  in  digging  a  grave,  when  the  sex- 
ton  came  upon  the  foundation.  The  town 
records  of  September  23,  1643,  have  the  fol- 
lowing entry  in  regard  to  it:  "It  is  agreed 
upon  by  the  whole,  that  there  shall  be  a  watch 
house  forthwith,  built  of  brick,  and  that  Mr. 
Grimes  will  sell  us  the  brick  at  eleven  shillings  a 
thousand."  This  is  the  first  mention  of  brick  in 
the  records  of  the  colony,  and  it  is  to  be  presumed 
that  this  marks  about  the  time  of  the  first  brick 
yard.  The  cause  of  the  tower  being  built  was 
probably  the  threatenings  of  the  Indians,  which 
resulted  in  the  Narragansett  war. 


55 


„pp-7      V,, 


w 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 

Still  later,  in  1G7G,  another  fortification  was 
erected  on  the  hill,  it  is  presumable  covering  the 
same  area,  enclosing  a  hundred  feet  square,  "with 
palisadoes  ten  and  a  half  feet  high,  and  three 
pieces  of  ordnance  planted  on  it."  The  town 
agreed  with  Nathaniel  South  worth  to  build  a 
watchhouse,  "which  is  to  be  sixteen  feet  in  length, 
twelve  feet  in  breadth,  and  eight  feet  stud,  to  be 
walled  with  boards,  and  to  have  two  floors,  the 
upper  floor  to  be  six  feet  above  the  tower,  to 
batten  the  walls  and  make  a  small  pair  of  stairs 
in  it,  the  roof  to  be  covered  with  shingles,  and  a 
chimney  to  be  built  in  it.  For  the  said  work  he 
is  to  have  eight  pounds,  either  in  money  or  other 
pay  equivalent.  This  being  only  thirty-two  years 
after  the  building  of  the  brick  tower,  it  would 
seem  as  if  the  latter  could  hardly  have  fallen  or 
been  taken  down,  and  it  is  possible,  if  not  prob- 
able, that  the  wooden  watch  tower  was  built  upon 
the  old  brick  one  ;  but  of  this  we  can  only  con- 
jecture. This  was  in  the  period  of  King  Philip's 
war.  From  this  might  have  been  seen  the  blaze 
of  the  houses  at  Eel  River  (now  Chiltonville) , 
and  the  terrible  war  whoop  almost  heard  as  the 
savages  burst  upon  the  little  hamlet,  near  where 
is  now  the  store  of  Mr.  George  W.  Bramhall,  on 
that  peaceful  Sabbath  when  they  left  eleven  dead 
bodies  and  smoking  ruins  to   mark   their  savage 


onslaught. 


57 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


From  the  easterly  brow  of  Burial  Hill,  we  have 
a  beautiful  picture  of  the  harbor  and  its  surround- 
ings. Below  us  th ;  ground  slopes  at  the  water, 
cut  into  terrace  below  terrace,  with  the  buildings 
upon  them.  At  its  foot  are  the  wharves  and 
harbor,  and  beyond  is  the  Beach,  near  which 
the  Mayflower  swung  at  her  anchors.  Mano- 
met  is  the  range  of  misty  blue  hills  stretch- 
ing into  the  bay  on  the  right.  Kingston  and 
Duxbury,  with  Captain's  Hill,  are  on  the  left, 
and  far  out  Clark's  Island,  Saquish,  and  the  Gur- 
net, with  the  thin,  sandy  strip  of  beach  joining 
the  latter  headlands.  On  the  Gurnet  is  Fort 
Andrew,  mounting  seven  guns,  and  at  Saquish  is 
Fort  Standish  with  five  guns,  both  earthworks 
built  by  the  government  during  the  civil  war  of 
1861-5.  They  are  regular  United  States  posts, 
and  are  garrisoned  by  ordnance  sergeants  who 
who  have  charge  of  the  public  property  and  reside 
with  their  families  on  these  headlands.  The 
Gurnet,  it  is  said,  takes  its  name  from  a  some- 
what similar  promontory  in  the  English  Channel, 
near  Plymouth  England.  Saquish  is  an  Indian 
word,  signifying  abundance  of  clams.  Clark's 
Island  was  named  from  the  mate  of  the  May- 
flower, who  commaded  the  shallop  on  the  expedi- 
tion when  the  Island  was  discovered. 

The  following  statistics  were  furnished  by 
Capt.  A.  M.  Harrison,  from  the  U.  S.  Survey  of 

59 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


1853-57  :  From  the  shore  end  of  Long  wharf,  in 
a  straight  line  to  Gurnet  Light,  the  distance  is 
four  and  seven  sixteenths  statute  miles,  or  three 
and  seven-eighths  nautical  miles.  The  length  of 
Plymouth  Beach,  from  the  foot  of  Manomet  Hills 
to  the  beacon  on  extreme  point,  is  three  and  five- 
sixteenths  statute  miles,  or  two  and  seven-eighths 
nautical  miles.  The  length  of  the  Beach,  from 
its  junction  with  the  main  land  to  the  beacon,  is 
two  and  five  eighths  statute  miles,  or  two  and 
one  fourth  nautical  miles. 

From  here  we  can  trace  the  whole  course  of 
that  expedition,  »which  started  on  its  voyage  of 
discovery  from  the  Mayflower  in  Provincetown 
harbor,  directly  opposite  us  across  the  bay. 
Coasting  along  the  inside  of  Cape  Cod  at  the 
right,  its  sandy  shore  hidden  by  distance  from 
our  sight,  some  of  the  exploring  party  on  foot, 
forciug  their  way  through  the  tangled  wilderness, 
sometimes  wading  in  half  frozen  water  through 
the  surf  or  across  brooks,  they  slowly  make  their 
way.  Constantly  on  the  alert,  and  two  or  three 
times  attacked  and  beating  off  their  assailants, 
the  shallop  with  her  company  nears  Manomet 
headland.  And  now  it  began  to  snow  and  rain, 
and  the  wind  to  blow  and  the  seas  to  rise.  Now 
the  hinge  of  their  rudder  breaks,  and  oars  are 
got  out  to  steer  with.  Master  Coppin,  the  pilot, 
bids  them  be  of  good  cheer,  for  he  sees  the  harbor 

60 


OLD    FLYMOUTfi. 


Shallop  of  the  Mayflower. 

which  he  had  promised  them.  Across  the  bay 
they  steer,  keeping  on  a  press  of  sail,  to  make 
the  desired  harbor  before  nightfall,  when  crash 
goes  the  mast,  broken  into  three  pieces,  and  the 
shallop  is  near  being  wrecked.  Now  the  flood 
tide  takes  them,  and  bears  them  in  past  the  Gnr- 
net-nose,  and  Master  Coppin  finding  himself  in 
a  strange  place  that  he  had  never  seen  before, 
throws  up  his  hands  and  exclaims,  "The  Lord  be 
merciful  to  us,  I  never  saw  this  place  before," 
and  in  his  terror  would  have  run  the  boat  on 
shore,  "in  a  cove  full  of  breakers,"  between  the 


61 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Gurnet  and  Saquish  ;  "but  a  lusty  seaman  which 
steered,  bade  those  that  rowed,  if  they  were  men, 
about  with  her,  or  else  they  were  all  cast  away." 
The  short  twilight  of  the  winter  day  had  faded 
into  darkness,  as  the  storm-tossed  and  dispirited 
company  found  themselves  "under  the  lee  of  a 
small  island."  There  it  is  before  us,  the  third 
high  land  to  the  left, — the  first  being  the  Gurnet, 
and  the  second  Saquish.  They  landed  and  kept 
their  watch  that  night  in  a  rain.  Governor  Brad- 
ford, in  his  history,  gives  us  a  few  more  partic- 
ulars:  "In  the  morning  they  find  the  place  to 
be  a  small  island,  secure  from  Indians.  And  this 
being  the  last  day  of  the  week,  they  here  dry 
their  stuff,  fix  their  pieces,  rest  themselves,  return 
God  thanks  for  their  many  deliverances,  and  here 
the  next  day  keep  their  Christian  Sabbath." 
Tradition  says  that  from  a  large  rock  with  a  flat 
top,  that  is  there  now,  bearing  the  inscription  : 
"On  the  Sabboth  da}T  wee  rested,"  the  first  prayer 
ascended  on  this  shore  ;  and  there,  for  the  first 
time  in  New  England,  praise  and  thanks  were 
given  to  that  watchful  Providence  that  had  guided 
and  guarded  them.  The  next  day,  Monday,  they 
sailed  up  to  the  shore  below  us,  and  stepping  on 
Plymouth  Rock,  made  the  exploration  which  ulti- 
mately determined  them  to  fix  upon  this  place 
for  their  plantation. 


62 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


MONUMENTS  AND  INSCRIPTIONS. 

"  Can  storied  urn,  or  animated  bust, 

Back  to  its  mansion  call  the  fleeting  breath? 

Can  honor's  voice  provoke  the  silent  dust, 

Or  flattery  soothe  the  dull,  cold  ear  of  death?" 

Close  around  us  are  the  last  resting  places  of 
many  of  the  first  comers.  The  marble  obelisk  in 
memory  of  Gov.  William  Bradford,  the  second 
governor,  with  its  untranslatable  Hebrew  text ; 
end  its  Latin  inscription,  freely  rendered: — "Do 
not  basely  relinquish  what  the  Fathers  with  diffi- 
culty attained,"  erected  in  1825,  is  near  to  us, 
and  around  it  are  numerous  stones,  marking  the 
resting  places  of  his  descendants.  A  little  back, 
on  a  path  to  the  rear  entrance  to  the  hill,  is  the 
oldest  stone  in  the  cemetery.  It  must  be  remem- 
bered that  for  many  years  the  colonists  had  far 
other  cares,  and  many  other  uses  for  their  little 
savings,  than  to  provide  stones  to  mark  their 
graves.  These  had  to  be  imported  from  England 
at  much  expense,  and  consequently  it  was  some 
years  before  any  were  able  to  afford  the  expense. 
The  oldest  stone  is  that  to  the  memory  of  Edward 
Gray,  1681 .  Mr.  Gray  was  a  merchant,  and  one 
of  the  wealthiest  men  in  the  colony.  Near  the 
head  of  this  path  is  a  stone  to  William  Crowe, 
1683-4.  Near  by  is  one  to  Thomas  Clarke,  1697, 
erroneously  reported  to  have  been  the  mate  of 
the  Mayflower,    but   who   came   in   the  Ann,  in 

63 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


1623.  Clark's  Island,  supposed  by  many  to 
have  been  named  for  Thomas  Clark,  received  its 
name  from  John  Clark,  now  known  to  have  been 
the  mate  of  the  Mayflower.  Beside  the  grave  of 
Thomas  Clark  is  that  of  his  son,  Nathaniel,  who 
was  one  of  the  Councillors  of  Sir  Edmund 
Andros,  Governor  of  New  England.  Other  old 
stones  are  those  of  Mrs.  Hannah  Clark,  1697; 
and  John  Cotton,  1699.  These  are  all  the  original 
stones,  bearing  dates  in  the  seventeenth  century. 
There  are  some  with  dates  of  that  century  which 
have  been  erected  since,  by  descendants,  includ- 
ing the  monument  to  Gov.  Bradford,  before 
alluded  to  ;  the  monument  to  Robert  Cushman, 
and  the  stone  over  the  remains  of  John  How- 
land.  The  inscription  on  the  latter  stone  reads 
as  follows  : 

Here  ended  the  pilgrimage  of  John  Howland  and  Elizabeth 
his  wife.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Governor  Carver.  They  arrived 
in  the  Mayflower  December,  1620.  They  had  four  sons  and  six 
daughters,  from  whom  are  descended  a  numerous  posterity. 

1672,  Feb'y  23d.  John  Howland,  of  Plymouth,  deceased.  He 
lived  to  the  age  of  eighty  years.  He  was  the  last  man  that  was  left 
of  those  that  came  over  in  the  ship  called  the  Mayflower,  that  lived 
in  Plymouth.— [Plymouth  Records. 

Near  the  Bradford  Monument  are  the  graves  of 
his  family.  The  face  of  the  stone  at  the  grave  of 
his  son,  Major  William  Bradford,  shelled  off  in 
1876-7,  but  the  inscription  has  since  been  retraced. 
The  cut  following  is  reproduced  from  a  view  taken 
of  the  original,  and  is   an   exact  fac  simile : 

64 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Here  lyes  the  body  of  ye  honorable  Major  William  Bradford, 
who  expired  Feb'y  ye  20th,  1703-4,  aged  79  years. 
He  lived  long,  but  still  was  doing  good, 
And  in  his  country's  service  lost  much  blood, 
After  a  life  well  spent,  he's  now  at  rest, 
His  very  name  and  memory  is  blest. 

At  the  grave  of  another  son,  the  headstone  reads  as 
follows : 

Here  lyes  interred  ye  body  of  Mr.  Joseph  Bradford,  son  to  the 
late  Honorable  William  Bradford,  Esq.,  Governor  of  Plymouth 
Colony,  who  departed  this  life  July  the  10th,  1715,  in  the  eighty- 
fifth  year  of  his  age. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  inscriptions  of  thg 
older  stones : 

He"re  lyes  ye  body  of  Mrs.  Hannah  Sturtevant,  aged  above 
sixty-four  years.    Dec.  in  March,  1708-9. 


65 


OLD  PLYMOUTH. 


Here  lyes  buried  the  body  of  Mr.  Thomas  Fau>*ce,  ruling  elder 
of  the  first  Church  of  Christ  in  Plymouth.  Deceased  Feb'y  27. 
1745  in  the  ninety-ninth  year  of  his  age. 

The  fathers— where  are  they? 

Blessed  are  the  dead  who  die  in  the  Lord. 

[Elder  Faunce  was  the  last  who  held  the  office  of 
ruling  elder  in  the  church.  He  was  cotemporary  with 
many  of  the  first  comers,  and  from  him  comes  much  of 
the  information  we  possess  about  the  localities  now 
venerated.] 

The  epitaphs  in  old  graveyards  possess  much  interest 
to  the  lovers  of  the  quaint  and  curious,  and  this  first 
cemetery  of  Sew  England  is  not  without  its  attractions 
of  that  kind.  The  following  are  some  of  the  most 
interesting : 

This  stone  is  erected  to  the  memory  of  that  unbiased  judge,  faith- 
ful officer,  sincere  friend,  and  honest  man,  Col.  Isaac  Lothrop, 
who  resigned  this  life  on  the  26th  day  of  April,  1750,  in  the  forty- 
third  year  of  his  age. 

Had  Virtue's  charms  the  power  to  save 
Its  faithful  votaries  from  the  grave, 
This  stone  had  ne'er  possessed  the  fame 
Of  being  marked  with  Lothrop's  name. 

A  row  of  stones  on  the  top  of  the  hill,  near  the  mar- 
ble tablet  marking  the  locality  of  the  Watch  Tower,  is 
raised  to  the  memory  of  the  ministers  of  the  First 
Parish.  Back  of  these  is  the  Judson  lot,  where  the 
sculptor's  chisel  has  perpetuated  the  remembrance  of 
Rev.  Adoniram  Judson,  the  celebrated  missionary  to 
Burmah,  whose  body  was  committed  to  the  keeping  of 
old  ocean.  On  the  westerly  side  of  the  hill  is  a  monu- 
ment erected  by  Stephen  Gale,  of  Portland,  Maine: 

To  the  memory  of  seventy-two  seamen,  who  perished  in  Plymouth 
Harbor,  on  the  26th  and  27th  days  of  December,  1778,  on  board  the 
private  armed  brig,  General  Arnold,  of  twenty  guns,  James 
Magee,  of  Boston,  Commander;  sixty  of  whom  were  buried  in 
this  spot. 

66 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


We  are  under  obligations  for  the  following*  curious 
epitaphs  to  Mr.  Edgar  C.  Raymond,  who  from  his  occu- 
pation, and  from  having  had  charge  of  the  hill  several 
years,  acquired  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  old  and 
new  stones,  and  is  a  ready  guide  to  those  of  special 
note. 

About  midway  on  the  easterly  slope,  a  little  to  the 
north  of  the  main  path  up  the  hill,  we  will  begin  : 

On  the  stone  to  a  child  aged  one  month : 

He  glanced  into  our  world  to  see 
A  sample  of  our  miserie. 

On  a  stone  a  little  farther  north,  to  the  memory  of 
four  children,  aged  respectively  thirty-six,  twenty-one, 
seventeen,  and  two  years  : 

Stop,  traveller,  and  shed  a  tear 
Upon  the  fate  of  children  dear. 

On  the  path  towards  the  school  house,  on  a  stone  to 
a  woman  with  an  infant  child  by  her  side : 

Come  view  the  seen,  'twill  fill  you  with  surprise, 
Behold  the  loveliest  form  in  nature  dies; 
At  noon  she  flourished,  blooming  fair  and  gay, 
At  evening  an  extended  corpse  she  lay. 

Near  the  entrance  to  this  path  is  the  grave  of  a  Rev- 
olutionary soldier,  C:tpt.  Jacob  Taylor;  died  in  1788: 

Through  life  he  braved  her  foe,  if  great  or  small, 
And  marched  out  foremust  at  his  country's  call. 

On  this  path  is  the  grave  of  Joseph  Bartlett,  who 
died  in  1703 : 

Thousands  of  years  after  blest  Abel's  fall, 
'Twas  said  of  him,  being  dead  he  speaketh  yet ; 

From  silent  grave  methinks  I  hear  a  call: — 
Pray,  fellow  mdlals,  don't  your  death  forget. 

You  that  your  eyes  cast  on  this  grave, 
Know  you  a  dying  time  must  have. 

67 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Near  the  same  place  is  a  curious  stone,  to  the  mem- 
ory of  John  Cotton : 

Here  lyes  interred  three  children,  viz.,  three  sons  of  Rev.  Mr. 

Johx  Cotton,  who  died  in  the  work  of  the 

gospel  ministry  at  Charleston,  South 

Carolina,  Sept.  ye  18th,  1699, 

where  he  had  great  success,  and  seven  sons  of  Josian  Cotton  Esq., 

who  died  in  their  infancy. 

On  the  southerly  slope  of  the  hill,  near  a  little  pine 
grove,  is  a  stone  to  a  child. 

The  fathers  have  eaten  sour  grapes,  and  the  children's  teeth  are 
et  on  edge. 

On  the  westerly  slope  of  the  hill,  near  the  corner  of 
the  school  house  yard,  is  a  stone  worth  viewing  for 
the  elaborate  cutting  of  a  form  resembling  in  features 
those  of  General  Washington.  It  is  to  the  memory  of 
Thomas  Spooner. 

Near  here  is  a  stone  in  memory  of  Andrew  Farrell, 
owner  and  master  of  the  brig  Hibernia,  which  was 
wrecked  in  this  harbor,  and  the  captain  and  seven  sea- 
men lost,  January  28,  1805. 

Another  stone  near  this  locality  refers  to  Job  vii : 
8,  9,  10. 

On  a  stone  to  the  memory  of  Thomas  Jackson,  died 
in  1794 : 

The  spider's  most  attenuated  thread 
Is  cord,  is  cable,  to  man's  tender  tie. 


Martha  Cotton,  1796. 
Many  years  I  lived, 
Many  painful  scenes  I  passed, 
Till  God  at  last 
Called  me  home. 

68 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


F.  W.  Jackson,  obit.  Mch.  23,  1797, 1  yr.,  7  dys. 
Heav'n  knows  what  man 
He  might  have  made.     But  we 
He  died  a  most  rare  boy. 

Fanny  Crombie. 
As  young  as  beautiful !  and  soft  as  young, 
And  gay  as  soft!  and  innocent  as  gay. 

William  Keene, 
This  modest  stone,  what  few  vain  marbles  can, 
May  truly  say,  Here  lies  an  honest  man; 
Calmly  he  looked  on  either  life,  and  here 
Saw  nothing  to  regret  or  there  to  fear; 
From  nature's  temperate  feast  rose  satisfied, 
Thanked  Heaven  that  he  had  lived  and  that  he  died. 

On  the  path  by  the  fence  on  the  rear  of  the  hill : 

The  father  and  the  children  dead, 

We  hope  to  Heaven  their  souls  have  fled 

The  widow  now  alone  is  left, 

Of  all  her  family  bereft. 

May  she  now  put  her  trust  in  God, 

To  heal  the  wound  made  by  his  rod. 

On  a  stone  raised  to  the  memory  of  a  young  child  : 

He  listened  for  a  while  to  hear 

Our  mortal  griefs;  then  tun'd  his  ear 

To  angel  harps  and  songs,  and  cried 

To  join  their  notes  celestial,  sigh'd  and  died. 

A  little  farther  on  in  this  path  is  the  stone  to  Tabi- 
tha  Plasket,  1807.  The  epitaph  on  which,  written  by 
herself,  breathes  such  a  spirit  of  defiance  that  it  attracts 
much  attention  : 

Adieu,  vain  world,  I  have  seen  enough  of  thee; 

And  I  am  careless  what  thou  says' t  of  me; 

Thy  smiles  I  wish  not, 

Nor  thy  frowns  I  fear, 

J  am,  now  at  rest,  my  head  lies  quiet  here. 


69 


r    ;     !   apy 


r.4.^ 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Mrs.  Flasket,  in  her  widowhood,  taught  a  private 
school  for  small  children,  at  the  same  time,  as  was  the 
custom  of  her  day,  doing  her  spinning.  Her  mode  of 
punishment  was  to  pass  skeins  of  yarn  under  the  arms 
of  the  little  culprits,  and  hang  them  up  on  nails.  A 
suspended  row  was  a  ludicrous  sight. 

Mr.  Joseph  Plasket,  (husband  of  Tabitha),  died  in 
1794,  at  the  age  of  forty-eight  years.  The  widow 
wrote  his  epitaph  as  follows  : 

All  you  that  doth  behold  my  stone, 
Consider  how  soon  I  was  gone. 
Death  does  not  always  warning  give, 
Therefore  be  careful  how  you  live. 
Repent  in  time,  no  time  delay, 
I  in  my  prime  was  called  away. 

Nearly  opposite  this  is  one  on  a  very  young  child  : 

The  babe  that's  caught  from  womb  and  breast, 
Claim  right  to  sing  above  the  rest, 
Because  they  found  the  happy  shore 
They  never  saw  or  sought  before. 

As  this  path  comes  out  on  the  brow  of  the  hill,  near 
a  white  fence,  is  a  stone  to  Elizabeth  Savery,  1831  : 

Remember  me  as  you  pass  by, 
As  you  are  now,  so  once  was  I; 
As  I  am  now,  so  you  will  be, 
Therefore  prepare  to  follow  me. 

There  are  two  stones  on  the  hill  with  this  epitaph : 

Moses  Bush,  1807. 

Strangers  and  friends,  while  you  gaze  on  my  urn, 
Remember  death  will  call  you  in  your  turn; 
Therefore  prepare  to  meet  your  God  on  high, 
When  he  rides  glorious  through  the  upper  sky. 

71 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Goiug  towards  the  maiii  entrance  along  the  top  of 
the  hill : 

This  woman  was  full  of  good  works  and  alms  deeds  which  she  did' 
Death  but  entombs  the  body. 
Life  the  soul : 
Hers  was  the  meekness  of  the  rising  morn. 


Polly  Holmes,  1794. 
Death  is  a  debt  to  nature  due, 
Which  I  have  paid  and  so  must  you. 

In  a  line  with  the  Spring  Street  entrance,  near  the 
Cushman  monument : 

Isaac  Eames  Cobb,  1789. 
Possessed  he  talents  ten,  or  five  or  one, 
The  work  he  had  to  do,  that  work  was  done; 
Improv'd  his  mind,  in  wisdom's  ways  he  trod, 
Reluctant  died,  but  died  resigned  to  God. 


Ruth  Bartlett,  1802. 

Weep  not  for  me, 

But  weep  for  yourselves. 


72 


wjr  OLD   PLYMOUTH. 

THE  PLYMOUTH  WATER  WORKS. 

"  'Tis  a  little  thing 
To  give  a  cup  of  water;  yet  its  draught 
Of  cool  refreshment,  drained  by  fevered  lips, 
May  give  a  shock  of  pleasure  to  the  frame, 
More  exquisite  than  when  Nectarian  juice 
Renews  the  life  of  joy  in  happiest  hours." 

Taking  the  path  leading  to  Russell  Street,  we 
come  to  the  street  near  a  school  house  erected  in 
1838.  Nearly  opposite  is  Christ  Church,  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  denomination,  erected  in 
1845.  Crossing  Russell  Street,  we  enter  Aller- 
ton  Street,  and  in  a  few  steps,  on  our  right  we 
see  the  receiving  reservoir  of  the  Plymouth  Water 
Works.  This  reservoir  holds  1,500,000  gallons 
of  water ;  it  is  two  hundred  and  twenty-seven 
feet  long,  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  feet  wide, 
and  twenty-one  feet  deep.  The  water  is  taken 
from  " Little  South"  Pond,  about  three  and  a  half 
miles  from  the  town,  and  with  "Great  South,"  a 
larger  pond,  with  which  it  is  connected,  is  suffi- 
cient to  give  any  possible  amount  of  water  re- 
quired for  the  uses  of  the  town,  the  quantity 
being  only  determined  by  the  carrying  capacity 
of  the  pipes.  In  1854  and  1855,  the  Legislature 
passed  acts  giving  the  town  power  to  take  water 
from  these  lakes,  and  to  construct  works  for  its 
distribution.  The  work  was  commenced  with  a 
survey  of  the  pond  February  22,  1855,  and  May 

g  73 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


19,  1855,  ground  was  first  broken,  and  water  was 
let  into  the  pipes  for  use  on  Monday  afternoon, 
November  5,  1855.  The  first^  appropriation  by 
the  town  was  $50,000.  Subsequently,  it  was 
decided  to  build  the  reservoir,  and  also  an  exten- 
sion of  pipe  to  Kingston  line  and  to  Wellingsley  ; 
and  the  main  line  to  the  reservoir  also  requiring 
about  a  half  mile  of  pipe,  another  appropriation 
of  $32,000  was  added,  making  the  cost  then 
$82,000.  This  amount,  by  extensions  of  pipe, 
and  other  expenses  incident  to  carrying  on  the 
water  works,  has  been  increased  from  year  to 
year.  In  1879  the  town  having  agreed  to  supply 
the  Plymouth  Woolen  Company  with  an  amount 
of  water  not  exceeding  200,000  gallons  daily,  and 
this  large  draft  affecting  the  head,  it  was  deter- 
mined to  raise  it  above  the  gravitation  supply 
from  South  Pond,  and  the  town  authorized  the 
Water  Commissioners  to  purchase  a  steam  pump- 
ing engine  for  the  purpose.  This  was  located  at 
Lout  Pond,  now  called  Patuxet  Lake,  on  the  line 
of  the  Works,  a  mile  or  more  nearer  the  town, 
and  at  pleasure  the  supply  is  now  pumped  either 
from  South  Pond  or  Patuxet  Lake.  The  pump 
is  a  Worthington  compound  condensing  duplex 
pumping  engine,  with  an  ordinary  capacity  of 
60,000  gallons  per  hour,  which  may  be  increased 
if  necessary,  to  2,000,000  gallons  per  day.  The 
engine  will  give  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  head 

75 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


in  addition  to  that  before  bad  from  gravitation, 
or  about  two  hundred  and  sixty  feet  on  Water 
Street  and  two  hundred  and  ten  feet  on  Main 
Street.  The  wants  of  the  town,  however,  require 
much  less,  and  only  the  pressure  necessary  for 
the  effective  working  of  the  sen  ice  is  kept  up. 
The  daily  use  of  water  by  the  town  is  450,000 
gallons.  The  total  cost  of  the  works,  including 
original  land  damage  and  claims  of  mill  owners, 
is  not  far  from  $175,000. 

The  length  of  the  main  pipe,  from  the  pond  to 
the  poiut  of  distribution,  at  the  foot  of  the  hill 
near  the  Robinson  Iron  Company's  AVorks,  is 
18,156  feet.  A  ten-inch  pipe  extends  from  this 
poiut  to  the  reservoir.  The  sizes  of  pipe  for  dis- 
tribution of  the  water  are  from  eight  to  two  inches 
in  diameter,  and  extend  from  Kiugston  line  on 
the  north,  to  BramhalFs  corner,  and  the  Clifford 
House  on  the  south.  The  entire  main  and  dis- 
tribution service  comprises  about  twenty-five 
and  one-half  miles  of  pipe,  of  all  sizes.  Sixty- 
five  fire  hydrants  are  connected  with  the  pipes. 

The  material  of  which  these  pipes  are  composed 
is  wrought  iron,  lined  with  hydraulic  cement, 
laid  in  a  bed  of  the  same,  forming  an  outer  and 
inner  coating  to  the  iron.  The  iron  shell  is  one 
inch  larger  than  the  intended  size  of  the  pipe  to 
be  laid,  is  evenly  lined  with  the  cement  half  an 
inch  thick,  and  when  laid  is  coated  one  inch  thick 

76 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


on  the  outside.  The  shell  is  riveted  every  one 
and  a  quarter  inches,  and  is  supposed  to  be  water- 
tight of  itself,  under  moderate  pressure.  At  the 
time  of  putting  in  these  works,  cast  iron  pipe  was 
almost  the  only  kind  in  use  ;  but  as  it  had  been 
found  that  the  purer  the  water  the  more  corrosion 
ensued  in  iron  pipes,  the  committee  in  charge  of 
the  works,  after  inspecting  some  of  the  cement 
pipes  where  they  had  been  laid,  determined  to 
use  these.  It  was  a  bold  act,  from  lack  of  expe- 
rience with  these  pipes ;  but  the  use  of  over  a 
quarter  of  a  century  has  proved  the  wisdom  of 
their  choice,  and  the  people  of  the  town  are 
satisfied  that,  where  the  character  of  the  ground 
is  favorable,  it  is  the  best  conductor  of  water 
known,  being,  after  the  cement  hardens,  like 
stone,  and  apparently  indestructible.  The  ana- 
lyzation  of  the  water,  at  different  times,  by  Pro- 
fessors Horsford  and  Nichols,  shows  it  to  be 
almost  absolutely  pure. 


77 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


The  National  Monument 
to  the  Pilgrim  Fathers. 

"  From  seeds  they  sowed  with  weeping, 

Our  richer  harvests  rise, 
We  anil  the  fruits  are  reaping 

Of  lilgrini  enterprise. 
Then  grateful  we  to  them  will  pay 

The  debt  of  fame  we  owe, 
Who  planted  here  the  tree  of  life 

So  many  years  ago." 

Leaving  the  reservoir,  arid  still  going  north- 
ward, we  cross  Samoset  Street  and  soon  after 
rising  the  hill  come   to    the  Monument    grounds. 

The  idea  of  building  a  monument  to  the  mem- 
ory of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  was  early  entertained 
in  the  town,  and  was  formed  into  a  definite  object 
by  the  organization  of  the  Pilgrim  Society ; 
which  object  was  kept  steadily  in  view  by  them, 
and  prosecuted  to  a  successful  conclusion,  as  the 
following  extracts  from  the  records  of  that  society 
will  abundantly  prove  : 

At  a  meeting  at  the  house  of  Joshua  Thomas, 
on  the  9th  day  of  November,  1819,  to  take  into 
consideration  the  expediency  of  forming  a  society 
to  commemorate  the  landing  of  the  Fathers  in 
the  town  of  Plymouth,  Hon.  William  Davis  was 
chosen  moderator,  and  John  B. Thomas,  secretary. 
It  was  voted  to  form  a  society  ;  that  its  name 
should  be  Old  Colony  Pilgrim  Society,  and  a  com- 

78 


«*§!§ 

OLD    PLYMOUTH.  X? 


mittee  was  chosen  to  procure  an  act  of  incorpo- 
ration. May  18,  1820,  a  meeting  of  the  society 
was  held,  to  organize  under  an  act  that  had  been 
obtained.  In  this  act  of  incorporation  the  pur- 
poses of  the  society  are  described  as  follows  : 
"For  the  purpose  of  procuring  in  the  town  of 
Plymouth  a  suitable  lot  or  piece  of  ground  for  the 
erection  of  a  monument  to  perpetuate  the  memory 
of  the  virtues,  the  enterprise  and  unparalleled 
sufferings  of  their  ancestors  who  first  settled  in 
that  ancient  town,  and  for  the  erection  of  a  suit- 
able building  for  the  accommodation  of  the  meet- 
ings of  said  association."  The  society  was  incor- 
porated under  the  name  of  the  Pilgrim  Society. 

At  the  meeting  which  organized  under  this  act, 
a  committee  was  chosen  to  report  a  Constitution 
and  By-Laws,  and  at  an  adjourned  meeting  re- 
ported the  following  as  a  preamble  to  the  consti- 
tution :  4kThe  Landing  of  the  Pilgrims  at  Ply- 
mouth, in  the  month  of  December,  in  the  year 
1620,  and  the  permanent  foundations  laid  by 
them  in  church  and  commonwealth,  under  pecu- 
liar circumstances  of  privation  and  toil,  are  among 
the  first  lines  of  the  history  of  New  England  and 
of  the  United  States.  Their  various  emigrations 
from  the  north  of  England,  the  land  of  their 
nativity,  to  Amsterdam  and  to  Leyden,  in  Hol- 
land, in  1607  and  1609,  and  their  final  removal  to 
America,  in  1620,  as  above  stated,  are  remarka- 


79 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


ble  eras  in  their  pilgrimage,  the  commemoration 
of  which  has. become  an  anniversary,  piously  cel- 
ebrated on  the  22d  of  December,  by  their  descend-- 
ants. 

That  these  historical  events  should  be  perpetu- 
ated by  'durable  monuments,  to  be  erected  at 
Plymouth,'  is  a  desirable  object,  in  which  public 
feeling  very  laudably  concurs,  and  which  has  led 
to  the  institution  and  incorporation  of  the  Pilgrim 
Society." 

It  will  be  seen  by  these  extracts  that  the  defi- 
nite purpose  of  the  origin  and  inception  of  the 
Pilgrim  Society  was  to  erect  a  monument  or  mon- 
uments to  the  memory  of  the  Fathers.  This  was 
the  germ  of  the  movement  of  which  yonder  beau- 
tiful and  stately  monument,  when  completed,  will 
be  the  ripened  fruit. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  society  September  10, 
1821,  it  was  "Resolved  that  the  surplus  of  the 
society's  funds  after  effecting  the  aforesaid  ob- 
ject, (to  erect  a  building  with  a  hall,  to  accom- 
modate the  people  who  gather  at  the  celebrations 
of  Forefather's  Day),  be  applied  to  the  erection 
of  a  suitable  monument,  in  memory  of  our  Fath- 
ers." The  trustees  were  requested  to  appoint 
suitable  persons  to  collect  forthwith  sums  sub- 
scribed, and  solicit  others  for  this  purpose.  As 
a  result  in  1824,  Pilgrim  Hall  was  built,  the  cor 
ner  stone  being  laid  September  1,  and  December 

80 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


17,  the  society  held  its  first  meeting  there.  It 
was  not  finished  inside  at  that  time,  and  had  no 
portico. 

In  1833,  Mr.  Russell  Warren,  an  eminent  ar- 
chitect of  Providence,  R.  I.,  was  employed  to 
make  plans  for  finishing  the  building,  and,  April 
29,  it  was  voted  to  finish,  and  the  building  was 
completed  as  it  now  stands. 

December  15,  1849,  it  was  voted  that  the  trus- 
tees devise  and  present  to  the  society,  at  the 
annual  meeting  in  May  next,  some  definite  plan, 
embracing  an  appeal  to  the  public  by  which  the 
original  objects  of  said  society  may  be  more  fully 
promoted,  with  special  reference  to  the  erection 
of  a  monument  in  honor  of  the  Pilgrims.  May 
27,  1850,  the  following  resolution  was  unani- 
mously adopted  :  "Resolved,  that  it  is  expedient 
to  erect  a  monument  upon  or  near  the  rock  on 
which  the  Pilgrims  landed,  and  to  make  other 
improvements  in  its  vicinity  ;  and  that  the  trus- 
tees have  full  powers  to  take  such  measures  as 
they  may  deem  expedient  to  carry  these  objects 
into  effect."  December  21,  1850,  it  was  voted 
"that  the  trustees  be  requested  forthwith  to  pro- 
ceed in  carrying  into  effect  the  objects  stated  in 
said  vote,  viz.,  the  erection  of  a  suitable  monu- 
ment, etc.,  on  or  near  Plymouth  Rock." 


81 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


In  furtherance  of  this  object,  a  great  celebra- 
tion was  arranged  for  commemorating  the  depar- 
ture of  the  Pilgrims  from  Delft-Haven,  and  held 
on  August  1,  1853.  It  was  a  great  success,  and 
crowds  of  people  were  present,  among  whom 
were  many  of  the  prominent  men  from  all  sec- 
tions of  the  country.  The  intention  of  erecting 
a  suitable  monument  was  fully  discussed,  and 
was  heartily  entered  into  by  all  present,  and 
many  members  were  added  to  the  society,  and 
libera^  contributions  given  to  the  great  object. 
The  encouragement  consequent  on  this  success 
was  such  that  it  was  felt  that  the  time  was  nearly 
at  hand  to  make  a  definite  move  in  the  matter, 
and  at  different  meetings  of  the  society  debates 
were  held  upon  the  location.  December  22,  1854, 
the  trustees  were  requested  to  call  a  meeting  at 
an  early  day,  for  the  purpose  of  informing  the 
society  as  to  what  progress  had  been  made  in  the 
matter  of  the  proposed  monument.  At  the  an- 
nual meeting,  May  28,  1855,  it  was  stated  by  one 
of  the  trustees  that  they  had  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  receive  plans,  and  to  communicate  with 
architects  concerning  a  monument ;  that  in  answer 
to  an  advertisement  calling  upon  architects  to 
send  in  plans,  and  offering  three  hundred  dollars 
for  such  plan  as  should  be,  in  the  opinion  of  the 
trustees,  best  adapted  to  the  purpose,  a  consider- 
able number  of  plans  and  estimates  had  been  sent 

82 


OLD    tLYtaOUTH. 


in  ;  that  out  of  this  number,  one  by  two  Hunga- 
rian gentlemen  of  New  York,  Messrs.  Bucher  and 
Asboth,  was  considered  the  best,  and  conse- 
quently received  the  sum  of  three  hundred  dol- 
lars ;  that,  after  the  payment  of  the  above,  a 
communication  was  received  from  Mr.  Hammatt 
Billings,  of  Boston,  in  consequence  of  which  a 
correspondence  was  opened  and  interviews  had 
with  Mr.  Billings,  which  led  to  the  proposition  by 
Mr.  Billings  of  certain  plans  for  the  monument 
and  its  erection,  and  to  their  acceptance  on  the 
part  of  the  trustees,  and  to  the  signing  of  a  con 
tract  between  Mr.  Billings  and  the  trustees  of  the 
Pilgrim  Society,  in  order  to  secure  the  completion 
of  the  monument  proposed ;  the  proposal  and 
plans  being  substantially  as  follows;  viz.,  one 
small  monument  to  be  erected  over  the  Rock 
within  three  years  from  1st  of  August,  1856,  at  a 
cost  of  about  $25,000  ;  another  larger  monument 
to  be  erected  within  twelve  years  from  the  same 
date  on  some  elevated  spot  within  half  a  mile  of 
the  Rock  ;  Mr.  Billings  to  be  authorized  to  solicit 
and  receive  subscriptions  in  the  name  of  the  Pil- 
grim Society,  and  agreeing  to  give  security  in  the 
sum  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  that  the 
proposed  monument  shall  be  erected  without  cost 
to  the  Pilgrim  Society.  The  society  passed  a 
vote  approving  the  course  of  the  trustees.  From 
this  time  the  matter  passed  into  the  hands  of  Mr. 

83 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


Billings,  who  prosecuted  it  with  energy  and  en- 
thusiasm. Preparing  the  drawings  and  models 
of  the  two  monuments  as  they  stand  now,  or  will 
stand  when  completed,  he  commenced  the  great 
work  he  had  laid  out  for  himself.  Entering  into 
it  in  no  spirit  of  speculation  or  gain,  but  with  a 
reverence  for  the  memory  of  the  Fathers,  and  a 
desire  that  their  toils  and  dangers  and  endurance 
might  be  fitly  commemorated,  and  perhaps  with  a 
noble  ambition  to  connect  his  name  with  the  mon- 
ument to  their  merits,  he  began  his  labors.  He 
was  most  fortunate  in  findiug  in  the  Rev.  W.  M. 
Harding  exactly  the  man  he  wanted  to  travel 
through  the  country,  and  solicit  subscriptions. 
To  his  unflagging  persistency  and  adaptiveness 
to  the  work,  is  owing  the  present  advanced  state 
of  the  monuments.  Their  labors  were  actively 
seconded  by  the  trustees  of  the  society.  The 
name  of  the  monument  was  broadened  to  "The 
National  Monument  to  the  Pilgrims,"  and  north 
and  south,  and  east  and  west,  contributions  were 
solicited.  As  before  stated,  the  corner  stone  of 
the  National  Monument  was  laid  at  the  same 
time  with  the  Canopy,  and  both,  according  to  the 
ancient  customs  of  Freemasonry,  by  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Massachusetts,  by  special  invitation  of 
the  society,  Hon.  John  T.  Heard,  Grand  Master, 
officiating.  The  intention  of  Mr.  Billings  at  this 
time  was  to  erect  a  much  larger  monument  than 

84 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


the  present  one.  As  originally  designed,  it  Was 
to  have  been  eighty  feet  at  the  base,  and  over  one 
hundred  and  fifty  feet  high,  the  details  being  as 
follows,  and  still  preserved  in  modified  form  { 
The  plan  of  the  principal  pedestal  is  octagonal^ 
with  four  small  and  four  large  faces  ;  from  the 
small  faces  project  four  buttresses  or  wing  ped= 
estals.  On  the  main  pedestal  stands  a  figure  of 
Faith.  One  foot  rests  upon  Forefathers'  Rock  ; 
in  her  left  hand  she  holds  a  Bible  ;  with  the  right 
uplifted  she  points  to  Heaven.  Looking  down- 
ward, as  to  those  she  is  addressing,  she  seems  to 
call  them  to  trust  in  a  higher  power.  This  figure 
was  intended  to  be  seventy  feet  high.  On  each 
of  the  four  smaller  or  wing  pedestals  is  to  be, 
when  completed,  a  seated  figure ;  they  are  em- 
blematic of  the  principles  upon  which  the  Pilgrims 
proposed  to  found  their  Commonwealth.  The 
first  is  Morality,  holding  the  Decalogue  in  her 
left,  and  the  scroll  of  Revelation  in  her  right 
hand  ;  her  look  is  upward  towards  the  imperson- 
ation of  the  Spirit  of  Religion  above  ;  in  a  niche, 
on  one  side  of  her  throne,  is  a  prophet,  and  in  the 
other  one  of  the  Evangelists.  The  second  of 
these  figures  is  to  be  Law  :  on  one  side  Justice  ; 
on  the  other  Mercy.  The  third  will  be  Education  : 
on  one  side  Wisdom,  ripe  with  years ;  on  the 
other  Youth  led  by  Experience.  The  fourth  fig- 
ure is   to   be   Freedom :  on  one  side  Peace  rests 


85 


*« 


OLD    PLYMOUTH.  nvv 

under  its  protection ;  on  the  other  Tyranny  is 
overthrown  by  its  powers.  Upon  the  faces  of 
these  projecting  pedestals  are  to  be  alto-reliefs, 
representing  scenes  from  the  history  of  the  Pil- 
grims,— the  Departure  from  Delft-Haven ;  the 
Signing  of  the  Social  Compact ;  the  Landing  at 
Plymouth  ;  and  the  first  Treaty  with  the  Indians. 
On  each  of  the  four  faces  of  the  main  pedestal  is 
a  large  panel  for  records.  That  in  front  contains 
the  general  inscription  of  the  monument,  viz., 
"National  Monument  to  the  Forefathers.  Erect- 
ed by  a  grateful  people  in  remembrance  of  their 
labors,  sacrifices  and  sufferings  for  the  cause  of 
civil  and  religious  liberty."  The  right  and  left 
panels  contain  the  names  of  those  who  came  over 
in  the  Mayflower.  The  rear  panel  is  plain,  to 
have  an  inscription  at  some  future  day. 

It  was  found  that  a  monument  of  such  great 
proportions  would  cost  such  an  amount  of  money, 
consequent  upon  the  advance  of  values,  daring 
and  after  the  war,  that  it  would  require  many 
years  to  complete  it,  and  it  was  judged  wiser  to 
reduce  the  size  with  a  prospect  of  the  monument 
being  built.  Accordingly,  while  the  design  of 
the  monument  is  the  same  as  at  first,  its  size  has 
been  reduced  about  half  or  more,  the  reductoin 
being  proportioned  to  all  parts. 

Hammatt  Billings  did  not  live  to  see  the  com- 
pletion of  his  work.    He  died  in  November,  1874, 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 

but  his  brother,  Joseph  E.  Billings,  took  up  his 
unfinished  labors,  and  prosecuted  them  until  his 
death  iu  the  spring  of  1880.  Rev.  Willard  M. 
Harding  succeeded  to  the  work,  but  died  in  De- 
cember, 1880.  The  contract  for  the  base  of  the 
monument,  as  it  now  stands,  was  taken  by  the 
Bodwell  Granite  Co.,  of  Rockland,  Me.,  and  it 
was  put  in  position  in  the  summer  of  1876. 
The  next  summer,  by  the  noble  generosity  of  a 
native  of  Plymouth,  Hon.  Oliver  Ames,  of  Easton, 
whose  gift  of  $30,000  will  connect  his  name  with 
the  Monument  as  long  as  it  stands,  the  great 
statute  of  Faith  was  erected.  The  contract  was 
made  with  the  Hallowell  Granite  Co.,  of  Maine, 
and  in  the  summer  of  1877  the  pieces  of  the 
statue  arrived,  and  were  put  up  by  Messrs. 
Nathaniel  Adams  and  A.  C.  Richmond. 

The  head  was  placed  in  position  Aug.  9,  1377. 

The  total  height  of  the  Monument  is  eighty-one 
feet,  from  the  ground  to  the  top  of  the  head  of 
the  statue.  The  following  are  some  of  the  di- 
mensions of  this  great  piece  of  work,  said,  on 
good  authority,  to  be  the  largest  and  finest  piece 
of  granite  statuary  in  the  world :  the  height  of 
the  base  is  forty-five  feet ;  height  of  statue,  thir- 
ty-six feet.  The  outstretched  arm  measures, 
from  shoulder  to  the  elbow,  ten  feet,  one  and 
one-half  inches  ;  from  elbow  to  tip  of  finger,  nine 
feet,  nine  inches ;  total  length  of  arm,  nineteen 

88 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


feet,  ten  and  one-half  inches.  The  head  measures 
around  at  the  forehead,  thirteen  feet,  seven 
inches.  The  points  of  the  star  in  the  wreath 
around  the  head  are  just  one  foot  across.  The 
arm,  just  below  the  short  sleeve,  measures  six 
feet,  ten  inches  around  ;  below  the  elbow,  six 
feet,  two  inches.  The  wrist  is  four  feet  around. 
The  length  of  the  finger  pointing  upwards  is  two 
feet,  one  inch,  and  is  one  foot,  eight  and  one-half 
inches  around.  The  thumb  measures  one  foot, 
eight  and  one-half  inches  around.  The  circum- 
ference of  the  neck  is  nine  feet,  two  inehes,  and 
the  nose  is  one  foot,  four  inches  long.  From 
centre  to  centre  of  the  eyes  is  one  foot,  six  inches. 
The  figure  is  two  hundred  and  sixteen  times 
life  size. 

The  grounds  around  the  Monument  are  about 
nine  ^icres,  and  when  completed  according  to  the 
plans,  will  be  very  tasteful  and  elegant.  In 
1878  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts  appropri- 
ated ten  thousand  dollars  towards  the  statue  of 
Morality,  and  the  large  figure  of  solid  stone, 
was  put  in  place  on  the  5th  of  August,  1878. 
Beneath  it  is  set  the  tablet  with  the  alto-relief  of 
the  Departure  from  Delft-Haven,  given  by  the 
State  of  Connecticut.  It  is  a  most  beautiful  and 
perfect  piece  of  marble  sculpture. 

The  statue  of  Education,  and  a  demi  relief  of 
the  Signing  of  the  Compact  occupy  the  west  but- 

89 


*=»■""■■  -^ffijg 

OLD    PLYMOUTH.  ^V 

, ,„„„„, ,„„ , „  c 

tress.  The  statue  is  monolithic,  weighing  twen- 
ty-three tons,  and  was  hoisted  into  place  October 
7,  1882.  It  is  a  fine  piece  of  work,  and  the  mar- 
ble tablet  beneath  is  also  unsurpassed  for  com- 
pleteness of  detail  and  excellence.  They  are 
the  generous  gift  of  Roland  Mather,  Esq.,  of 
Hartford,  Conn. 

THE    TOWN. 

"  Watered  by  heavenly  dew, 
The  germ  of  Empire  grew, 
Freedom  its  root." 

The  population  of  Plymouth,  at  the  present 
writing,  1884,  is  estimated  at  nearly  7,500,  the 
United  States  census  of  1880  finding  it  to  be  at 
that  time  7,094,  and  the  increase  since  being 
quite  marked.  By  the  assessors'  returns  for 
1883  the  total  valuation  of  the  town  was  $4  ,-521- 
904  ;  real  estate  $3,020,725.00,  personal  estate 
$1,501,179.00  ;  number  of  dwelling-houses  1,206  ; 
number  of  polls  1,802;  rate  of  taxation  $13.60 
on  $1,000,  which  is  somewhat  below  the  average 
of  the  State.  The  amount  to  be  raised  by  taxa- 
tion for  current  and  ordinary  expenses  of  the 
year  1884  was  $55,134.94. 

Most  of  the  manufactories  of  the  town  are  so 
situated  that  they  do  not  attract  the  notice  of 
visitors.  During  the  day,  likewise,  the  popula- 
tion is  occupied  in  labor  so  that  it  is  noticeable 

90 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


that  but  few  idlers  are  on  the  streets.  From  these 
circumstances  it  is  often  inferred  that  the  town 
is  quiet,  and  but  little  going  on  in  the  way  of 
business.  The  facts  are,  however,  that  a  very 
large  amount  of  manufacturing  of  a  diversified 
nature  is  done  here,  statistics  showing  that  few 
places  are  more  busily  engaged.  The  manufac- 
tures comprise  cordage,  the  largest  and  most  com- 
plete works  in  the  world  ;  woolen  cloths,  a  large 
mill ;  cotton  duck,  two  extensive  mills  ;  cotton 
cloth,  one  large  mill ;  tack  and  rivets,  three  very 
large  concerns ;  nails  and  plate  iron,  a  heavjT 
concern  extensively  engaged ;  zinc  and  copper 
rolling  mills,  nails  and  tacks,  two  large  affairs, 
one  owning  mines  and  getting  out  its  own  zinc 
from  the  ore  in  Virginia  ;  iron  foundry,  a  large  well 
appointed  concern  making  stoves ;  boots  and 
shoes,  one  large  factory,  producing  24,000  cases  a 
year ;  barrel,  keg  and  box  factory,  one,  shipping 
its  wares  weekly  to  the  coast  towns  in  full  car- 
goes ;  bedsteads  joints,  one  large  factory  supplying 
the  mammoth  furniture  establishments  of  the 
West ;  steel  shanks,  two  concerns  entensively  en- 
gaged ;  and,  besides  these  leading  industries, 
machine  shops,  mills  and  small  shops  of  different 
kinds  in  large  numbers  ;  and  something  is  still 
done  in  the  fisheries. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  the  manufactures  of  Ply- 
mouth are  generally  of   an  excellent  quality,  her 

91 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


cordage,  cotton  duck,  and  woolen  cloth,  espec- 
ially, standing  the  highest  in  reputation  and  being 
well  known  all  over  the  country. 

As  a  port  of  entry  the  town  stands  very  near 
to  Boston,  in  the  Massachusetts  district,  recently 
outranking  in  the  amount  of  revenue  collected 
Salem,  Fall  River,  Gloucester,  New  Bedford, 
Provincetown,  and  all  custom  house  ports  except 
Boston  and  Newburyport,  showing  that  the  com- 
merce of  the  place  is  of  considerable  importance. 

The  production  of  the  various  manufactories 
amounts  to  nearly  $4,000,000  annually,  and  of 
this  $1,500,000  is  produced  in  cordage,  duck  and 
woolen  cloth,  alone. 

The  town  is  provided  with  all  the  conveniencies 
of  a  city,  including  public  water  works,  intro- 
duced over  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  having 
been  previously  supplied  on  a  smaller  scale  by  a 
private  company,  the  first  incorporated  for  the 
purpose  in  the  state.  There  are  seven  excellent 
hotels  within  the  town  limits,  three  of  them  well 
known  and  fully  patronized  summer  resorts, 
while  the  public  houses  of  the  main  portion  are 
also  constantly  filled  with  permanent  and  tran- 
sient guests.  A  fine  steam  fire  department  is 
maintained  by  the  town,  and  the  streets  gas- 
lighted  at  public  expense.  The  sojourner  here 
will  also  find  in  matters  of  religious  belief  so 
great   a  diversity  that  almost  exceptional  views 

92 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


must  be  held  where  one  cannot  find  opportunity 
to  worship  with  an  established  congregation  of 
his  own  faith.  The  churches  embrace  Congre- 
gational, Unitarian,  Baptist,  Universalist,  Meth- 
odist, Catholic,  Advent,  Episcopal,  holding  ser- 
vices every  Sunday,  and  besides  these,  Spiritual- 
ists, German  Lutherans  and  New  Church  people 
hold  meetings  occasionally,  the  former  sometimes 
carrying  them  through  a  portion  of  the  year  on 
stated  evenings.  Plymouth  thus  exemplifies 
most  strikingly  the  fact  that  the  Fathers  founded 
here  religious  liberty,  which  their  descendants 
now  so  fully  enjoy.  For  educational  purposes 
the  town  makes  liberal  provision  and  the  schools 
rank  among  the  best  in  the  state,  the  standard 
of  scholarship  being  high.  The  graded  system 
under  a  superintendent,  has  been  employed  for 
over  thirty  years. 

Leaving  the  Monument,  we  will  descend  Cush- 
man  Street,  the  first  street  on  our  left  as  we  leave 
the  Monument  grounds  southward.  At  its  foot 
we  come  out  on  Court  Street.  We  first  pass 
Samoset  Street  on  our  right,  and  the  avenues  to 
the  Station  on  our  left.  Next,  on  our  right,  near 
the  Catholic  Church,  is  Vernon  Street.  Chilton 
Street  runs  off  to  the  left  by  Pilgrim  Hall.  A 
little  farther  along  Howlancl  Street  leads  off  down 
to  the  water.  Here,  on  the  right,  Russell  Street 
opens,  running  up  over  the  hill  to  Summer  Street. 

93 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


At  the  farther  side  of  the  little  park  in  front  of 
the  Court  House,  we  cross  South  Russell  Street, 
and  then  we  come  to  Shirley  Square,  where  at 
first  we  turned  down  North  Street,  to  visit  the 
Rock.  We  will  now  keep  on  through  Main 
Street.  The  Central  House  faces  the  square, 
and  at  the  foot  of  North  Street,  on  Cole's  Hill, 
is  the  Plymouth  Rock  House.  Next  the  Central 
House,  the  large  brick  building  is  Davis  Building, 
erected  in  1854  ;  the  lower  part  has  stores  and 
above  are  rooms  of  the  Old  Colony  Club,  and 
various  offices.  In  the  upper  part  is  a  small  pub- 
lic hall,  and  in  the  rear  is  a  large  hall,  with  dining 
and  ante  rooms  for  large  audiences.  Next  be- 
yond this  is  the  Bank  Building,  erected  in  1841, 
in  which  are  the  two  National  and  two  Savings 
Banks.  The  old  wooden  building  jutting  out  on 
the  sidewalk  just  beyond  is  quite  old,  and  an 
object  of  interest,  from  the  fact  that  the  frame 
of  the  northerly  part  is  the  old  frame  of  the 
Council  House  of  Plymouth  Colony.  The  Coun- 
cil House  stood  in  Town  Square,  and  was  taken 
down  in  1749,  to  make  room  for  the  present 
Town  House.  The  building  was  sold,  and  the 
frame  used  in  this  house.  Opposite  to  the  Bank 
Building  is  the  Masonic  Building,  built  in  1847. 
It  was  purchased  in  1869  by  Plymouth  Lodge, 
F.  &  A.  M.,  and  fitted  up  by  them  for  their  now 
purposes.     Next  north  of  this  is  a  fine  new  brick 

94 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


building,  erected  in  1878,  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  the  two  steam  fire  engines  of  the  town, 
with  rooms  overhead  for  the  usee*  of  the  compa- 
nies. The  first  of  these  engines  was  bought  in 
1870,  the  second  one  in  1874.  The  street  of 
which  Masonic  Building  is  the  corner  is  Middle 
Street,  leading  to  Cole's  Hill.  Now  we  come  to 
Leyden  Street.  The  rear  portion  of  the  building 
on  the  lower  corner  of  Main  and  Leyden  Streets, 
Weston's  express  office,  is  very  ancient ;  there  is 
good  reason  to  suppose  that  it  formerly  was  a 
blacksmith  shop,  that  in  1690  was  the  only  build- 
ing on  the  square  bounded  by  Main,  Middle,  and 
Leyden  Streets,  and  the  alley.  Crossing  Leyden 
Street,  we  come  into  Market  Street.  Passing 
down  Market  Street,  on  the  right  High  Street 
runs  over  the  hill  to  Summer  Street,  which  is  the 
next  street  on  the  right,  and  follows  the  course 
of  the  brook,  and  which  is  the  road  to  the  differ- 
ent manufactories  on  the  stream.  Descending 
the  hill,  at  the  foot  of  Market  Street  we  find  our- 
selves at  a  fork  of  roads.  The  street  leading 
up  the  hill  is  Pleasant  Street.  Leading  up  on 
Watson's  Hill,  from  Pleasant  Street,  are  Robin- 
son, Jefferson,  Franklin  and  Washington  Streets. 
Mayflower  Street  runs  over  Watson's  Hill  from 
Robinson  Street  to  South  Street,  which  is  a  con- 
tinuation of  Pleasant  Street.  Taking  the  street 
at  our  left,  at  the  foot  of  Market  Street,  which 

95 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


is  Sandwich  Street,  we  come  to  where  Water 
Street  intersects  it.  Just  below  here  are  the 
extensive  works  of  the  Plymouth  Foundry  Com- 
pany, established  in  1866.  Ascending  the  hill, 
we  come  to  Training  Green,  laid  out  from  the 
early  days  of  the  Colony  as  a  drill  and  parade 
ground.  The  Soldiers'  Monument  is  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  Green.  North  Green  and  Green 
Streets  connect  with  Pleasant  Street ;  opposite 
North  Green  Street,  Bradford  Street  leads  to  the 
water.  Beyond  the  Green,  South  Street  takes 
one  to  the  woods,  and  Fremont  Street  to  the 
water.  Along  shore  in  the  direction  of  Sand- 
wich Street,  Union  Street  extends  from  Water  to 
Fremont  Street. 

Farther  southward  we  come  to  a  district  of  the 
town,  known  from  early  times  as  Hob's  Hole. 
On  the  left  hand,  in  the  meadows,  the  visitor  will 
sec  an  inlet  affording  a  harbor  for  boats.  This 
is  the  Hole ;  and  as  Hobomock,  the  faithful 
Indian  friend  of  the  Pilgrims,  had  land  assigned 
to  him  not  far  away,  it  is  possible  that  this  Hole 
was  on  his  land,  and  that  Hob's  is  but  a  natural 
Contraction  for  Hobomock's.  For  another  and 
more  probable  derivation  of  the  name,  our  read- 
ers are  referred  to  Davis'  Ancient  Landmarks  of 
Plymouth,  in  which  may  be  found  also  a  history 
of  the  various  lots  of  land  in  the  town,  with  a 
statement  of   their  owners  and   occupants   from 

96 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


the  original  grantees  to  the  present  time.  Be- 
yond this  is  another  district,  known  and  alluded 
to  in  the  earliest  records  as  Wellingsley.  No 
cine  to  the  origin  of  this  name  has  ever  been 
found.  In  this  section  are  some  of  the  oldest 
houses  in  the  town  ;  but  they  have  been  repaired 
and  modernized  so  that  they  do  not  have  that 
appearance  at  present.  Old  people,  now  living, 
can  remember  when  several  of  them  had  the 
ovens  and  chimneys  built  on  the  outside  of  the 
house,  called  "Dutch  ovens,"  and  used  in  the 
Netherlands  and  in  places  settled  by  people  from 
those  states,  in  this  country.  On  one  old  house 
on  the  left  hand  side,  just  before  descending  a 
hill,  standing  back  from  the  road,  the  date  of 
1773  may  be  seen.  This  date  marks  the  repairs 
of  the  house  only,  the  original  structure  having 
been  discovered  by  Mr.  Davis  to  have  been 
standing  in  1665.  Other  houses  built  before 
1700  are  the  following:  the  Leach  House,  at  the 
Northeast  corner  of  Summer  and  Spring  Streets, 
though  it  has  been  added  to  at  various  times, 
was  originally  built  in  or  about  1679,  It  was 
built  by  George  Bonum  and  sold  in  the  above 
year  to  Robert  Barrows.  The  Shurtleff  House, 
which  until  recently  stood  at  the  corner  of  Ley- 
den  and  Market  Streets,  though  enlarged  from 
time  to  time,  was  built  by  William  Shurtleff 
before    1698.      In  1883  it  was  moved  from  the 

i  97 


OLD    PLYMOUTH.  ijg 

corner  to  where  it  now  stands  on  Market  Street, 
adjoining  the  Drew  Block,  and  the  corner  of  the 
lot  was  cut  off.  The  Cole  Blacksmith  Shop, 
around  which  the  building  occupied  and  owned 
by  Harvey  W.  Weston,  expressman,  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Leyden  and  Main  Streets,  has  been  built, 
was  conveyed,  with  an  acre  of  land,  in  1684,  by 
James  Cole  to  his  son  Ephraim.  The  shop  may 
be  distinctly  seen  by  passing  through  the  express 
office,  exhibiting  the  timbers  and  clapboards  and 
wrought  nails  of  the  period.  The  Howland 
House,  on  Sandwich  Street,  contains  within  its 
ample  proportions,  additions  to  which  mark  dif- 
ferent periods,  the  small  old  house  built  by 
Jacob  Mitchell  about  1666  which  was  sold  by 
him  to  Jabez  Howland.  John  Howland,  one  of 
the  Mayflower's  passengers,  was  father  of  Jabez, 
and  as  he  lived  a  number  of  years,  while  his  son 
was  an  occupant  of  this  house,  it  is  probable 
that  he  was  many  times  a  visitor  within  its 
walls.  The  Southeast  corner  room  in  the  lower 
story  was  included  within  the  limits  of  the  old 
house.  The  William  Harlow  House,  on  Sand- 
wich Street,  next  South  of  Sears'  wood  }Tard 
was  built  in  1678,  partly  of  the  material  of  the 
old  fort  on  Burial  Hill.  The  lot  was  granted  by 
the  town  to  Wm.  Harlow  in  1665,  and  was 
described  as  "being  a  little  knowl  or  small  par- 
cel of  land  lying  near  his  now  dwelling  house, 

98 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


on  the  westerly  side  of  the  road,  to  sett  a  new 
house  upon."  The  house  has  been  somewhat 
remodelled,  but  still  contains  the  timbers  taken 
from  the  fort  at  the  close  of  King  Phillip's  War. 
The  Crow  House,  in  the  North  part  of  the  town, 
near  the  Cordage  Factory,  was  built  in  about 
166-4  by  William  Crow.  It  now  stands  entire, 
forming  the  rear  part  of  what  is  called  the 
Thomas  Jackson  house,  a  little  back  from  the 
road  on  its  Easterly  side,  after  passing  Seaside 
chapel.  It  is  referred  to  in  a  deed  of  land  from 
Francis  Billington  to  William  Crow,  in  1664,  in 
which  the  land  is  bounded  by  the  estate  on  which 
Mr.  Crow  now  lives.  The  above  houses,  for 
whose  discovery  and  description  we  are  indebted 
to  Davis'  Ancient  Landmarks  of  Plymouth,  are 
worthy  of  a  visit  from  lovers  of  the  quaint  relics 
of  olden  time. 


We  have  now  shown  visitors  the  principal 
places  and  objects  of  interest.  If  they  have  any 
reverence  for  the  heroic  souls  who  here  sowed 
the  seeds  from  which  has  sprung  this  great  na- 
tion ;  if  they  are  interested  in  the  early  history 
of  their  country,  or  are  curious  in  matters  of  gen- 
ealogy, we  trust  that  they  have  spent  the  time 
pleasantly  and  profitably.  We  would  recommend 
them  strongly,   before  they    leave  the  town,    to 

99 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


spend  a  day  or  two  in  exploring  the  great  expanses 
of  woods  which  afford  beautiful  drives,  and  are 
studded  with  a  countless  number  of  ponds,  from 
those  large  enough  to  be  dignified  with  the  name 
of  lake,  to  the  little  pond-let  only  large  enough 
to  be  the  home  of  the  turtle  and  the  frog,  prof- 
fering to  the  followers  of  old  Izaak  Walton, 
splendid  sport.  That  Plymouth  does  present 
more  than  ordinary  attractions  as  a  quiet,  recre- 
ative resort,  is  attested  by  the  sojourn  here  of 
thousands  during  the  summer  months,  and  there 
are  few  who  do  not  imbibe  an  attachment  to  the 
place,  or  fail  to  recognize  the  unpretending  worth 
of  its  citizens  who  still  preserve,  in  a  marked  de- 
gree, the  characteristics  of  their  Pilgrim  ancestry. 
In  conclusion,  let  us  hope  that  our  little  book 
has  served  its  purpose  as  an  intelligent  guide, 
and  that  the  reader  has  been  informed  and  grati- 
fied by  its  perusal. 


100 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


OUR    ADVERTISERS, 


No  visitor  to  Plymouth  should  fail  of  "drop- 
ping in"  upon  the  advertisers  represented  in 
these  pages,  every  one  of  whom  will  be  found 
genial,  and  only  too  happy  to  give  their  best 
attention  to  all  patrons.  As  honorable,  fair- 
dealing  men  they  can  be  depended  upon,  and  in 
many  instances  will  impart  information  that  will 
prove  of  service  to  the  tourist  as  he  prosecutes 
his  visit. 

At  the  Telegraph  Bookstore,  Mr.  A.  S.  Bur- 
bank  can  be  found  "from  early  morn  to  latest 
eve,"  with  a  very  large  and  complete  assortment 
of  articles  just  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  tran- 
sient visitor  or  Summer  sojourner.  His  store  is 
a  model  of  neatness,  and  of  mementos  of  Pil- 
grim days  to  his  stock  there  is  no  end.  While 
making  selections  be  sure  and  purchase  a  pack- 
age of  Plymouth  Rock  envelopes,  with  Plymouth 
Harbor  note  heads  to  match ;  they  are  a  pretty 
combination  of   Plymouth    views. 

For  hotel  accommodations  the  Samoset  House 
will  be  found  easy  of  access  from  the  Railroad 
Station,  near  thy  Pilgrim  National  Monument, 
and  from  which  all  historic  points  can  be  easily 
reached.  Mine  host  Maynard  is  every  whit  a 
gentleman,  a  good  provider  withal,  and  with  a 
corps  of  efficient  attendants,  the  Samoset  will 
afford  a  most  agreeable  and  pleasant  soujourn  to 
the  traveller.  The  house  is  first-class  in  all  its 
appointments  and  is  deservedly  popular. 

Fuller,  the  Spring  Hill  druggist,  has  all 
the  requisites  for  a  sportsman's  or  hunter's  outfit. 

101 


OLD    PLYMOUTH. 


The  large  number  of  ponds  with  which  Plymouth 
woods  abound  afford  a  fine  opportunity  for 
pleasurable  pastime  for  sportsmen.  Be  sure  and 
give  Fuller  a  call.  In  guns,  pistols,  ammunition, 
fishing  rods  and  tackle,  no  fuller  stock  can  be 
found ;  his  lines  of  confectionery,  cigars  and 
tobaccos  are  complete,  and  he  will  do  the  right 
thing  by  his  customers  every  time. 

The  Winslow  House  and  Old  Bank  Cafe,  kept 
by  F.  A.  Johxison,  is  one  of  the  noted  buildings 
of  the  Town,  the  wooden  part  being  built 
(except  the  third  story)  in  1786  ;  in  1803  the 
brick  addition  was  put  on  and  that  part  used  for 
the  Plymouth  Bank.  Here  may  be  seen  the  old 
vault  with  its  iron  door  and  heavy  key,  left  in 
position  for  curiosity  seers  when  the  house  was 
remodeled.  The  hotel  is  conducted  on  the  Euro- 
pean plan  and  on  strictly  temperance  principles. 
It  is  also  noted  for  its  excellent  shore  dinners, 
which  are  served  promptly  and  in  the  best  of  style. 

Don't  leave  town  without  calling  upon  W.  H. 
Weston,  on  Leyden  Street.  You  can  here  find 
an  assortment  of  crockery,  just  the  thing  for  a 
souvenir  of  one's  visit  to  the  Old  Pilgrim  Town. 
It  includes  cups,  saucers,  plates,  shaving  cups, 
tiles,  etc..  all  gotten  up  from  designs  expressly 
furnished  the  manufacturer  by  Mr.  Weston,  for 
his  trade,  embracing  all  the  famous  historic  views 
of  Plymouth. 

Kogers'  Studio,  16  Main  Street,  is  headquar- 
ters for  Plymouth  views,  made  from  his  own 
negat'ves,  and  in  large  variety.  Also,  photo- 
graphs in  all  the  leading  styles  at  reasonable 
prices.  Tintype  groups  are  a  specialty  at  this 
long  established  photograph  gallery. 

102 


SOJOURNERS  IN  PLYMOUTH 

Should  not  leave  town  without  visiting 

THE  TELEGRAPH  BOOKSTORE, 

and  securing  some 

MEMENTO    OF    THEIR    VISIT 

to  the  Old  Pilgrim  Town. 

^^  A  fine  assortment  of   Stereoscopic"*  and  Cabinet 
Views  of  all  the  localities  of  Pilgrim  interest, 


Pljotogrkplis'  of  ]VTkyflowef  Relics',  kiid  $c"eqery 
kbout  Plyn\outli. 


Plymouth  Reck  Paper  Weights, 
Guide  Books, 

Models  of  Gov.  Carver's  Chair, 
Sea  Shell  Paintings, 

Pilgrim  Stationery. 

LITHOGRAPH  VIEWS  OF  PLYMOUTH  from  the  Harbor. 

Panel  Paintings  of  the  Harbor. 


"  Poems  of  the  Pilgrims,"  "Ancient  Landmarks 

of  Plymouth," 

u  History  of  Plymouth  and  the  Pilgrims." 


Rooks,  Periodicals,  Stationery,  Artists'  Materials,Toilet  Articles,  Toys 
and  Fancy  Goods.    CIRCULATING  LIBRARY  open  to  visitors. 

A.  S.  BURBANK, 

ODD    FELLOWS'    BLOCK,    6    MAIN    ST. 

B3P*  Catalogues  of  Views  and  Souvenirs  sent  free  on  application. 


SAMOBBT  SOUS! 

Court  Street,  head  of  Railroad  Park, 
PLYMOUTH,  MASS. 

D.  H.  MAYNARD, Proprietor. 


Sear  Pilgrim  National   Monument  and  convenient  to 
all  points  of  historic  interest,  County  Buildings,  etc. 


o< PLYMOUTH  WO0DSI» 

Abound  in  Game,  and  many  of  her  ponds  are  stocked 

with  Fish.     To  fully  enjoy  sporting  and  be 

succesful,  procure  your 

SPORTSMAN'S   GOODS 


s<  •' 


FULLER'S 


MARKET    STREET, 

g^^A  full  line  of  all  the  improved  appliances  for  Hunting 
and  Fishing  Outfits. 


GUNS,  PISTOLS,   AMMUNITION 


And  Material  of  all  kinds. 


— )  COMPLETE     ASSORTMENT     OF(— 

RODS,  LINES,  HOOKS,  BAIT,  «Scc. 


Choice  Confectionery,  Wholesale  and  Retail;  Cigars, 
Tobaccos,  &c. 

DRUGS  AND  MEDICINES 


F*  XJ  L.  IL.  3E3  IR.'  S  , 

Near  Pilgrim  Spring,  Market  St.,  Plymouth,  Mass. 


SHORE  DINNERS,  50  CENTS. 


• 

3BINSL0W  BOUSE! 

IB 

m 

0 

Shore  Dinners  Daily, 

ON    ARRIVAL    OF   THE    BOAT. 

C 

o 
o 

Two  minutes'  walk  from  wharf,  and  on  your 

way  to  Memorial  Hall  and  the 

Monument, 

U 

H 

% 

H 
£ 
£ 

the:    dining    room 

is  large  and  commodious,  and  noted  for  its  coolness. 

H 
05 

-)0Y8TEB8,  IGE  CREAM  AND  LUNCH(- 

AT  ALL    HOURS. 

01 

o 

0 

• 

0 

a 

rjl 

9,  11  #  13  COURT  STREET, 

IPLYIVLOTTTH,    MASS. 

F.  A.  JOHNSON, 

Proprietor. 

'SAN30  09  "SUZKKia  31IOHS 


W.  H.  H.  WESTON, 


DEALER   IN 


Furnaces,  Ranges,  Parlor  Stoves, 


HARDWARE, 


Ctfodkefy,  Cutlery,  ^arn\ii|£  Yool^,  etd. 


I  have  just  imported,  direct  from  Europe,  a  fine  lot  of 

Cups,  Saucers,  Plates,  Tiles,  &c. 

Finely  Decorated  with  the  famous 

)  HISTORIC   VIEWS   CF   PLYMOUTH.* 

JQp*  These  goods  are  gotten  up  expressly  for  me,  they  are  fine  goods 
and  will  bear  inspection.    I  have  also  a  fine  assortment  of  the  famous 


MADDOGK'S  SEMI-PORCELAIN  WARE, 

The  Finest  Goods  Imported. 


ALL     THESE     CAN      BE!      FOUND     AT 

W.  H.  H.  WESTON'S, 

Stove,  Hardware  and  CrockeryJStore, 

LEYDEN  STREET,  PLYMOUTH. 


x> 


1.  3p*%t*nt 


^PHOTOGRAPHER, 


1G    SXtaitt    ^Stt^cct. 


*~ 


PHOTOGRAPHS  IN  ALL  THE  LEADING  STYLES, 


AT  REASONABLE   PRICES. 


~*-- 


^PLYMOUTH  YIEWS> 


Stereoscopic,  Cabinet  and  Bondoir. 


Tintype  Groups  a  Specialty. 


